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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The spine is broken up into 3 sections. Name them.
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Cervical vertebrae (7 )
Thoracic vertebrae (12) Lumbar vertebrae (5) |
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Give another name for your spine?
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Spinal
Vertebral column |
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Where is the spine situated?
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Stretches from the base of the skull to the coccyx and is composed of bones called vertebrae.
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What are the bones in the spine called?
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Vertebrae
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What separates the body of each vertebrae? Explain.
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Disks of fibrocartilage, known as intervertebral disks, separate the body of each vertebra with ligaments in front and behind to keep the spinal column together in its characteristic S-shaped curve.
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What keeps the spinal column together?
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Ligaments
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Give another name for intervertebral disks.
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Fibrocartilage
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What keeps the posture of the body upright?
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The spinal column
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What is a function of the spinal column?
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The column is flexible and maintains the upright posture of the body.
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Describe a typical vertebra.
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A typical vertebra has a thick, strong body, facing frontward with an arch of bone pointing backward and enclosing the spinal cord in the space called the vertebral foramen.
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A typical vertebra has a thick, strong body, facing frontward with an arch of bone pointing backward and enclosing the spinal cord in the space…: What is this space called?
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Vertebral foramen.
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Which vertebrae in the neck are the smallest? What is the function of the first two vertebrae?
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The 7 cervical vertebrae in the neck are the smallest, the first two allow rotation of the skull. They are so specialized in shape that they have their own names-atlas and axis.
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What are the names of the first two vertebrae in the neck?
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Atlas
Axis |
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What is the function of the Atlas and Axis?
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They allow rotation of the skull
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Explain the 12 thoracic vertebrae.
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The 12 thoracic vertebrae:
Increase in size from top to bottom and have Long spines and Extra facets to articulate with the ribs. |
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With what do the top 7 vertebrae join?
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The top 7 join with two pairs of ribs-its own and the one below.
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With what do the lower 4 vertebrae join?
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The lower four join with their own ribs.
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Describe the 5 lumbar vertebrae.
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Because they keep the upper and lower parts of the body together, the 5 lumbar vertebrae have very thick, strong bodies with heavy spinous processes for the attachment of muscles.
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Describe the sacrum:
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The sacrum, which gives stability to the pelvis between the hips, is composed of 5 vertebrae fused to form a triangular bone.
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Describe the coccyx:
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The coccyx, also triangular, is composed of 4 rudimentary vertebrae which articulate with or sometimes even fuse with, the sacrum.
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Describe the spinal cord:
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The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the first lumbar vertebra-an average distance of 17.5 inches (45 cm).
It branches into pairs of nerves, each having an anterior (front) motor root, which initiates activity, and a posterior sensory root to the back of the cord. The 2 roots join to form spinal nerves. There are 31 pairs made up of eight to the neck or cervical region, 12 to the chest (thoracic nerves), five to the lower back (lumbar region), five to the sacrum (sacral nerves) and one to the coccyx. Some spinal nerves join up to form a plexus: cervical 1-4 go to the neck and shoulder with the phrenic nerve serving the diaphragm; cervical 5 to thoracic 1 form the brachial plexus which becomes the radial, median and ulnar nerves in the forearm. Lumbar 1-4 nerves form the femoral nerve, which runs down the front of the thigh, and lumbar nerves 4 and 5 sacral 1-3 form the sciatic nerve, the largest in the body, extending down the back of the leg, dividing above the knee into peroneal and tibial nerves. The sciatic nerve is commonly damaged in back injuries. |
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Which nerve is commonly damaged in back injuries?
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Sciatic nerve
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Describe the spinal cord:
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The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the first lumbar vertebra-an average distance of 17.5 inches (45 cm).
It branches into pairs of nerves, each having an anterior (front) motor root, which initiates activity, and a posterior sensory root to the back of the cord. The 2 roots join to form spinal nerves. There are 31 pairs made up of eight to the neck or cervical region, 12 to the chest (thoracic nerves), five to the lower back (lumbar region), five to the sacrum (sacral nerves) and one to the coccyx. Some spinal nerves join up to form a plexus: cervical 1-4 go to the neck and shoulder with the phrenic nerve serving the diaphragm; cervical 5 to thoracic 1 form the brachial plexus which becomes the radial, median and ulnar nerves in the forearm. Lumbar 1-4 nerves form the femoral nerve, which runs down the front of the thigh, and lumbar nerves 4 and 5 sacral 1-3 form the sciatic nerve, the largest in the body, extending down the back of the leg, dividing above the knee into peroneal and tibial nerves. The sciatic nerve is commonly damaged in back injuries. |
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Which nerve is commonly damaged in back injuries?
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Sciatic nerve
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