Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientific notation (p. 16)
|
a convenient shorthand for expressing such numbers as powers of 10
|
|
metric system (p. 16)
|
this involves a series of standard units and uses factor-of-ten prefixes to express larger or smaller quantities.
|
|
periodic table of the elements (p. 8)
|
an orderly arrangement of the elements' symbols
|
|
Compounds (p. 9)
|
substances that contain two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions by mass
|
|
Law of Definite Composition (p. 9)
|
A specific compound is comprised of a specific proportion (by mass) of elements
|
|
Law of Multiply Proportions (p. 9)
|
A particular set of elements can combine in defferent ratios to produce different compounds
|
|
molecule (p. 10)
|
the most fundamental uncharged unit of a compound
|
|
Accuracy (p. 12)
|
the extent to which a measurement gives a true value of the quantity being measured
|
|
Chemistry (p. 2)
|
the study of the composition and structure of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
|
|
three basic sciences (or pure sciences) (p. 3)
|
physics, chemistry, and biology
|
|
applied sciences (p. 3)
|
other sciences including geology, astronomy, medicine, environmiental science, etc.
|
|
Physics (p. 3)
|
the simplest (most fundamental) of all sciences; in physics you learn about the basic forces of nature, energy, and matter
|
|
elements (p. 8)
|
fundamental substances which cannot be broken down into simpler ones by ordinary physical or chemical means
|
|
International System of units (p. 17)
|
a select group of units that have been adopted by a scientific body to provide a standard for reporting in familiar units; also called SI units or mks (meter-kilogram-second) system
|
|
gram (g) (p. 17)
|
the unit of mass
|
|
mass (p. 17)
|
a measure of an amount of matter
|
|
weight (p. 17)
|
a measure of the influence of gravity on that matter
|
|
The units that are used most frequently for measuring length, volume, and temperature (p. 17)
|
meter (m), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm), nanometer (nm); liter (L), millileter (mL), cubic centimeter (cm³); Kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), and sometimes Fahreheit (°F)
|
|
absolute zero (p. 17)
|
the coldest temperature theoretically attainable, and the point at which all particle motion stops
|
|
biochemicals (p. 4)
|
large molecules used by "living" things
|
|
diatomic elements (p. 11)
|
molecules that appeared in nature with 2 atoms of the same elements instead of 2 or more atoms of 2 or more different elements (which are normally compounds except in this case); there are only 7 of them and they are:
1) hydrogen 2) nitrogen 3) oxygen 4) fluorine 5) chlorine 6) bromine 7) iodine |
|
unit factor method (p. 19)
|
a method used in problem solving;also sometimes called the factor-label method; it gets this name from the fact that the necessary mathematical transformations are accomplished through the use of "units"
|
|
Density (p. 24)
|
mass per unit volume; in other words: a ratio of the amount of a material (i.e., its mass) to the volume occupied by that amount of material.
|
|
(p. 28)a solid may be crystalline:
|
a solid's molecules may exist in regular, repeating, geometric crystalline solids
|
|
amorphous (p. 28)
|
when a solid does not exist in a regular geometric pattern it is called this.
|
|
gas (p. 28)
|
state of matter that has no definite volume or shape
|
|
liquid (p. 28)
|
state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape
|
|
matter (p. 28)
|
anything that has mass and occupies space.
|
|
solid matter (p. 28)
|
this state has a definite shape and a definaite volume
|
|
states of matter (p. 28)
|
what matter exists in; there are three which are: solid, liquid, and gas
|
|
mixture (p. 29)
|
when two or more substances are mixed, but not chemically combined
|
|
homogeneous (p. 29)
|
when a mixture is uniform in appearance and possesses the same physical and chemical properties throughout.
|
|
solution (p. 29)
|
when a mixture is homogeneous on the atomic or molecular scale.
|
|
metal alloys
|
hormogeneous mixtures of atoms of metallic elements
|
|
heterogeneous (p. 29)
|
when a mixture lacks homogeneity
|
|
phase (p. 29)
|
that portion of a mixture having separate physical/chemical properties from other portions.
|
|
interface (p. 29)
|
a physical boundary that separates one phase from another
|