The Skeletal System

Front 1

Hormones

Back 1

Cellular communication

Front 2

Endocrine

Back 2

Gland that produces hormones

Front 3

Chemical communication in the body

Back 3

Powerful; minute quantities

Front 4

Skeletal system

Back 4

Bones and joints

Front 5

Functions of the skeletal system

Back 5

Shape, appearance, movement, protection, produces erythrocytes, and store Ca and P

Front 6

Erythrocytes

Back 6

Red blood cells

Front 7

Red blood cells

Back 7

Anucleate

Front 8

Osteocytes

Back 8

Secrete bone; put Ca into bone

Front 9

Osteoclasts

Back 9

Digest bone; remove Ca from bone

Front 10

Remodeling

Back 10

Secretion and digestion are constant

Front 11

Thyroid gland

Back 11

Throxine and calcitonin

Front 12

Throxine

Back 12

I regulates G production and breakdown

Front 13

Calcitonin

Back 13

Causes too little I

Front 14

Too little I

Back 14

Goiter

Front 15

How did Ca get into the blood?

Back 15

A cholesterol molecule in the skin was struck by UV light and converted into vitamin D

Front 16

Vitamin D

Back 16

The sunshine vitamin

Front 17

Vitamin D is responsible for . . .

Back 17

Absorbtion of Ca from gut into blood

Front 18

Parathyroid hormone

Back 18

Produced by the parathyroid glands; cause the osteoclasts to break down bone and put Ca back into blood

Front 19

Bone breaking down

Back 19

Weak; can lead to osteoperosis

Front 20

Another function of Ca

Back 20

ATPase activation

Front 21

What do cells take from food?

Back 21

C, H,O,N

Front 22

When cells take from food, they . . .

Back 22

Put together molecules

Front 23

One molecule is for . . .

Back 23

Energy storage

Front 24

ATP

Back 24

G storage molecule

Front 25

To do work . . .

Back 25

Cells break down ATP, releasing energy

Front 26

What is essential for the breakdown of ATP?

Back 26

An enzyme called ATPase

Front 27

When ATPase is in the cell . . .

Back 27

ATP is broken down; the cell works

Front 28

Cells relax

Back 28

Heart

Front 29

To relax . . .

Back 29

ATPase must be deactivated

Front 30

To be deactivated . . .

Back 30

Ca is removed from ATPase

Front 31

To work . . .

Back 31

Ca is attached to the deactivated ATPase

Front 32

ATPase breaks down . . .

Back 32

G

Front 33

What is the most important function of calcium?

Back 33

ATPase activation

Front 34

Types of bone

Back 34

Short, long, irregular

Front 35

What is the knob at the end of a bone called?

Back 35

Epiphysis

Front 36

What is the middle region of a bone called?

Back 36

Diaphysis

Front 37

What are the lines connecting the two parts of the bone called?

Back 37

Metapipysis

Front 38

Metapipysis

Back 38

Only occurs in children

Front 39

A bone is . . .

Back 39

Wrapped by a periosteum

Front 40

Types of breaks

Back 40

1) Simple/closed

2) Open/compound

3) Simple greenstick (children)

4) Impaction

5) Comminuted (surgery necessary)

6) Bone bends (breaks on inside)

Front 41

Synarthrothis

Back 41

Non-moveable joint

Front 42

Amphiarthrosis

Back 42

Joint with some movement

Front 43

Diarthrosis

Back 43

Freely moveable joint

Front 44

Fibrous C.T.

Back 44

Joints of skull

Front 45

Cartilaginous

Back 45

Pubis symphosis

Front 46

Synovial

Back 46

Has a joint cavity

Front 47

Types of connective tissue in joint

Back 47

Fibrous C.T., cartilaginous, and synovial

Front 48

Arthritis

Back 48

Inflammation of a joint

Front 49

Two types of arthritis

Back 49

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Front 50

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 50

Auto-immune disease

Front 51

Frontal

Back 51

Forehead

Front 52

Parietals

Back 52

Sides of the skull

Front 53

Occipetal

Back 53

Back and lower part of the skull

Front 54

Temporal

Back 54

Sides and base of the skull

Front 55

Nasal

Back 55

Nose

Front 56

Maxilla

Back 56

Jaw and palate (holds the upper teeth)

Front 57

Mandible

Back 57

Lower jaw (jawbone)

Front 58

Cervical

Back 58

Neck

Front 59

Atlas

Back 59

First cervical vertebra (supports the head)

Front 60

Axis

Back 60

Second cervical vertebra (allows the head to pivot)

Front 61

Thoracic

Back 61

Middle twelve vertebrae; behind rib cage

Front 62

Lumbar

Back 62

Five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis

Front 63

Sacrum

Back 63

Located at the base of the spine and the upper, back part of the pelvic cavity

Front 64

Coccyx

Back 64

Final segment of the vertebral column (tailbone)

Front 65

True ribs

Back 65

First seven rib pairs; attach to the sternum directly

Front 66

False ribs

Back 66

The eighth through tenth rib pairs; attach to the sternum indirectly

Front 67

Floating ribs

Back 67

The eleventh and twelfth rib pairs; attach only to the vertebrae; cartilaginous tip

Front 68

Sternum

Back 68

Chest or breastbone

Front 69

Clavicle

Back 69

Collarbone

Front 70

Scapula

Back 70

Shoulder blase

Front 71

Humerus

Back 71

Long bone in the arm running from the shoulder to the elbow

Front 72

Ulna

Back 72

Elbow bone (long bone running down to wrist); pinky side

Front 73

Radius

Back 73

Long bone running down from the elbow to the wrist; thumb side

Front 74

Carpals

Back 74

Wrist; connects hand to forearm

Front 75

Metacarpals

Back 75

Bones of the hand between the fingers and wrist

Front 76

Phalanges

Back 76

Fingers and toes

Front 77

Ilium

Back 77

Uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis

Front 78

Ischium

Back 78

Lower and back part of the hip bone

Front 79

Pubis

Back 79

Ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis

Front 80

Femur

Back 80

Thigh bone

Front 81

Patella

Back 81

Kneecap

Front 82

Tibia

Back 82

Shinbone; strongest weightbearing bone of the body

Front 83

Fibula

Back 83

Calf bone

Front 84

Tarsals

Back 84

Cluster of seven articulating bones in the foot

Front 85

Metatarsals

Back 85

Five long bones located between the tarsals and the toes

Front 86

Calcanius

Back 86

Heel