The Senses

Front 1

class of pupil constricting agents is called?

Back 1

myotic agents

Front 2

class of pupil dilating drugs is called?

Back 2

mydriatic agents

Front 3

occurs as a result of chronic exposure to loud noises, Meniere's disease, some meds, wax build up or various disturbances to the auditory nerve

Back 3

tinnitus

Front 4

chronic condition that affects the labyrinth

Back 4

Meniere's disease

Front 5

inflammation of the inner ear usually caused by an infection

Back 5

labyrinthitis

Front 6

acute infection of the middle ear usually caused by a bacteria or virus. commonly associated with an upper respiratory infection

Back 6

otitis media

Front 7

commonly caused by infection from water contaminated by bacteria or fungi

Back 7

external otitis (swimmer's ear)

Front 8

chronic lack of eye lubrication and moisture due to lack of tear production

Back 8

dry eye syndrome

Front 9

high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the eye

Back 9

diabetic retinopathy

Front 10

inflammation of the conjunctiva membrane caused by bacteria, viral, or allergies

Back 10

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Front 11

alteration in the shape of the cornea in which it becomes more oblong or football shaped than spherical; usually hereditary but can result from eye injury

Back 11

astigmatism

Front 12

eye trauma or strong refractive error (nearsightedness or farsightedness); generally develops in young children

Back 12

amblyopia (lazy eye)

Front 13

inflammation of the eyelids, usually caused by bacterial infection

Back 13

blepharitis

Front 14

clouding of the lens, usually caused by protein clumping together as we age

Back 14

cataracts

Front 15

genetic disorder that causes a deficiency in the way we see color

Back 15

color blindness

Front 16

body orientation sense that allows you for example to locate a body part with your eyes closed or know you arm is raised over your head without seeing it

Back 16

propioception

Front 17

what does "AN" mean?

Back 17

without

Front 18

what does "ESTHESIA" mean?

Back 18

feeling

Front 19

pain felt in an arm or leg that a person no longer has

Back 19

phantom pain

Front 20

pain originating in an internal organ yet is felt in another region of the skin

Back 20

referred pain

Front 21

pain receptors are merely branches of nerve fibers called what?

Back 21

nociceptores (free nerve endings)

Front 22

what is the body's ability to adjust to continued exposure of heat or cold so the body doesn't feel that for so long called?

Back 22

adaptation

Front 23

touch receptors are small rounded bodies called what?

Back 23

tactile corpuscles

Front 24

the sense of smell arises from the receptors located where?

Back 24

olfactory region

Front 25

smell accounts for what percentage of taste?

Back 25

90%

Front 26

the tissues in the nose that contain specialized nerve receptors are called what?

Back 26

olfactory epithelium

Front 27

imflammation of the mucous membranes that line the nasal passage

Back 27

rhinitis

Front 28

rhinitis develops in response to the body's release of what?

Back 28

histamine

Front 29

the sense of tast is referred to as the ________ sense

Back 29

gustatory

Front 30

taste receptors on the tongue

Back 30

taste buds

Front 31

what are the 5 tastes that the taste buds detect?

Back 31

sweet
sour
salty
bitter
umami

Front 32

umami is the distinct taste of what?

Back 32

glutamates

Front 33

what does "UMAMI" mean?

Back 33

japanese for savory or delicious

Front 34

a ringing sound in the ears and is a symptom of sensorineural hearing loss

Back 34

tinnitus

Front 35

chronic progressive middle ear disorder that is characterized by excess bone growth inthe middle ear

Back 35

otosclerosis

Front 36

felling of dizziness or whirling in space

Back 36

vertigo

Front 37

a colonized infection of the mastoid process

Back 37

mastoiditis

Front 38

surgically procedure during which tiny tubes are inserted thru the tympanic membrane to relieve pressure

Back 38

myringotomy

Front 39

what does "OT/O" mean?

Back 39

ear

Front 40

what does "ITIS" mean?

Back 40

inflammation

Front 41

what does "MEDIA" mean?

Back 41

middle

Front 42

nerve impulses sent to the temporal lobe of the brain where it is interpreted as sound is a process called what?

Back 42

sensorineural conduction

Front 43

sound waves enter the external canal and vibrate the eardrum or tympanic membrane in a process called what?

Back 43

sound conduction

Front 44

the process of the middle ear amplifying sound thru the respective ossicles is called what?

Back 44

bone conduction

Front 45

cochlear fluid vibrates small hair like nerve cells found where?

Back 45

organ of Corti

Front 46

cartilaginous projection that collects and directs sound waves into the auditory canal

Back 46

auricle or pinna

Front 47

canal that contains earwax, or cerumen, secreted by the ceruminous glands

Back 47

auditory canal, or external auditory meatus

Front 48

membrane that separates the external and middle ear

Back 48

eardrum, or tympanic membrane

Front 49

3 small bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup-shaped) that help amplify and transmit sound

Back 49

ossicles

Front 50

allow for equalization of external (atmospheric) and internal (within the middle ear) pressure on the tympanic membrane so the eardrum can freely vibrate with incoming sound

Back 50

eustachian tubes

Front 51

bony, snail-shaped portion of the internal ear containing perilymph fluid which helps to transmit sound

Back 51

cochlea

Front 52

3 canals containing endolymph fluid which transmits positional changes to help maintain balance

Back 52

semicircular canals

Front 53

the three separate, hollow, bony spaces that form a complex maze in the inner ear, otherwise known as the bony labyrinth

Back 53

cochlea
vestibule chamber
semicircular canals

Front 54

what does "COCHLEA" mean?

Back 54

latin for snail shell

Front 55

a small space or cavity at the beginnning of a canal

Back 55

vestibule

Front 56

cranial nerve 8

Back 56

vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 57

"HAMMER"

Back 57

malleus

Front 58

"ANVIL"

Back 58

incus

Front 59

"STIRRUP"

Back 59

stapes

Front 60

membrane that begins the inner ear and carries the amplified vibrations from the tympanic ossicles

Back 60

oval window

Front 61

the two functions of the ear

Back 61

hearing

maintaining equilibrium (balance)

Front 62

the ear is separated into what three divisions?

Back 62

external ear
middle ear (tympanic cavity)
inner ear (labyrinth)

Front 63

what does PERLA stand for?

Back 63

Pupils Equal, Reactive to Light and Accommondation

Front 64

retinal disorders can be inherited due to genes on which chromosome?

Back 64

X

Front 65

degeneration of the retina causing difficulty seeing at night or in dim light is called what?

Back 65

nyctalopia

Front 66

one eye misaligned due to an inability in the muscles of the eye to coordinate movement with the other eye is called what?

Back 66

strabismus

Front 67

double vision is called?

Back 67

diplopia

Front 68

nearsightedness is called?

Back 68

myopia

Front 69

farsightedness is called?

Back 69

hyperopia

Front 70

farsightedness that occurs with age, usually between 40 and 45 years is called?

Back 70

presbyopia

Front 71

what does "PRESBY/O" mean?

Back 71

old

Front 72

what does "OPIA" mean?

Back 72

refers to vision

Front 73

reduction or loss of central vision without affecting peripheral vision

Back 73

macular degeneration

Front 74

two forms of macular degeneration are?

Back 74

atrophic (dry)

exudative (hemorrhagic)

Front 75

glaucoma occurs in __% of adults over 40 and accounts for __% of the cases of blindness in america

Back 75

20

15

Front 76

what is the chart they use for vision tests called?

Back 76

snellen chart

Front 77

increased pressure inthe fluid in the eye which interfers with the optic nerve functioning and can lead to blindness

Back 77

glaucoma

Front 78

condition in which the lens loses its flexibility and transparency

Back 78

cataract

Front 79

chronic conjunctivitis is called?

Back 79

trachoma

Front 80

acute infective phase of conjunctivitis is commonly called?

Back 80

pinkeye

Front 81

abscess that forms at the base of an eyelash due to the infection of a sebaceous gland

Back 81

stye

Front 82

a stye is also known as a what?

Back 82

hordeolum

Front 83

the retina is a delicate membrane that continues posteriorly and narrows to become the what?

Back 83

optic nerve

Front 84

the optic nerve contains two types of light-sensing receptors called what?

Back 84

rods and cones

Front 85

which light-sensing receptors are active in dim light and do not perceive color

Back 85

rods

Front 86

which light-sensing receptors are active in bright light and do perceive color?

Back 86

cones

Front 87

the rods and cones contain _____ that cause a chemical change when the light hits them in which causes us to "see" the object

Back 87

photopigments

Front 88

the area where the neurons of the optic nerve exit the retina is known as?

Back 88

optic disk

Front 89

the optic disk is also called _____ because it lacks rods and cones, so it cannot sense light or color

Back 89

blind spot

Front 90

what does "OPTIC" mean?

Back 90

pertaining to the eye

Front 91

cone shaped cavity that contains the eyeball

Back 91

orbit

Front 92

six short muscles that provide support and rotary movement

Back 92

eye muscles

Front 93

moveable folds of skin cotaining eyelashes

Back 93

eyelids

Front 94

protective membrane that covers the exposed surface of the eyeball

Back 94

conjunctiva

Front 95

includes the lacrimal gland that produces tears that lubricate and cleanse the eye and the corrensponding ducts or passageways to transport the tears

Back 95

lacrimal apparatus

Front 96

globe shaped organ of vision

Back 96

eyeball

Front 97

outermost layer of the eyeball, known as the "white" of the eye; maintains the shape of eye; contains the transparent curved cornea

Back 97

sclera

Front 98

middle of the eyeball; also contains the iris and pupil

Back 98

choroid

Front 99

colored portionof the eye, the part that controls the size of the opening (pupil) where light passes into the eye

Back 99

iris

Front 100

the opening thru which light passes into the eye

Back 100

pupil

Front 101

innermost layer of the eyeball

Back 101

retina

Front 102

located behind the pupil

Back 102

lens

Front 103

what muscles surround the lens of the eye and can alter the shape of the lens making it thicker or thinner to change the angle of refraction

Back 103

ciliary muscles

Front 104

what process combines changes inthe size of the pupil and the lens curvature to make sure theimage is properly focused?

Back 104

accommondation

Front 105

the three layers of the eyeball

Back 105

sclera
choroid
retina

Front 106

what is otherwise known as the "window of the eye"?

Back 106

cornea

Front 107

what are the two fluid-filled chambers of the eye called?

Back 107

aqueous humor
vitreous humor

Front 108

which chamber of the eye bathes the iris, pupil, and lens and fills the anterior and posterior chambers in the front of the eye?

Back 108

aqueous humor

Front 109

which chamber of the eye maintains eye shape and refracts light rays and is a clear, jellylike fluid that occupies the entire cavity behind the lens?

Back 109

vitreous humor

Front 110

tears act as a what to keep the eyeballs free of germs?

Back 110

antiseptic

Front 111

what glands produce tears and are exocrine because their secretions of tears go outside the body

Back 111

lacrimal glands

Front 112

what are the five senses?

Back 112

vision
hearing
smell
taste
touch

Front 113

the senses of sight (eyes), hearing and balance (ears), taste (tongue), and smell (nose) are referred to as what?

Back 113

special senses

Front 114

the special senses are found in well-defined regions of what?

Back 114

the head

Front 115

the sensation of heat, cold, apin, nausea, hunger, thirst, and pressure or touch are known as what senses?

Back 115

general senses

Front 116

the receptors of the skin are known as what and include touch, heat, cold, and pain?

Back 116

cutaneous senses

Front 117

which senses come from inside the body and include nausea, hunger, thirst, and the need to urinate or defecate?

Back 117

viseral senses

Front 118

the special and general senses can be broken down even further into what two senses?

Back 118

cutaneous senses
viceral senses