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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sensory adaption and when does it occur |
It’s when the neuron ceases to fire even in the presence of the stimulus when a receptor becomes accustomed to the stimulus |
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Where does touch originate |
In the bottom layer of skin called dermis |
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What can a very painful stimulus cause? |
Reflex withdrawal |
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What are pheromones |
Odourless chemicals that signal an individuals identity or sexual receptivity |
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What are the 5 basic taste sensations |
Sweet sour salty butter umami |
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What are photons |
Photoreceptors that respond to small packets of light |
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What are the 3 layers of the eye |
Sclera, choroid layer, retina |
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What is the sclera and what does it do |
It’s the “white” and outermost layer of the eye that protects and maintains its shape |
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What is the cornea and what does it do |
Clear part of sclera that bulges at front of eye. It bends light towards the pupil |
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What is the aqueous humor |
The chamber of transparent fluid behind the cornea |
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What is the choroid layer and what does it do |
It’s the middle layer of the eye that contains pigments to prevent light scatter within the eye |
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What is the iris and what does it do |
The coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil opening |
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What does the lens do |
Focuses image on the retina |
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What is the vitreous humor and what does it do |
It’s a large chamber of jelly like fluid that maintains the shape of the eye and allows light to be transmitted to the retina |
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What is the pupil |
A hole in the center of the iris that allows light in |
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What do the rods do |
Extremely sensitive so they are responsible for night vision and peripheral vision. Not very detailed vision |
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What are the cones responsible for |
Colour vision. Require intense light to be stimulated. Detailed vision |
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What is the blind spot |
Where the optic nerve meets the retina so there are no rods or cones |
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What do bipolar cells do |
Carry info from rods and cones to ganglion cells |
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What are ganglion cells |
Clusters of neuron cell bodies that receive inputs from bipolar cells and transmit nerve impulses to optic nerve in the brain |
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What is the fovea centralis |
Tiny depression in the center of the retina that contains the highest density of cones in the eye. No rods. Where the image focuses |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What is the optic chiasma |
Nerve fibres that cross to opposite sides of the brain from the optic nerves of each eye to allow info from both eyes to pass to both sides of the brain |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What is the optic chiasma |
Nerve fibres that cross to opposite sides of the brain from the optic nerves of each eye to allow info from both eyes to pass to both sides of the brain |
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What things happen when you are looking at something far away |
Ciliary muscles relax, ligaments become tight, lens flattens, pupils dilate |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What is the optic chiasma |
Nerve fibres that cross to opposite sides of the brain from the optic nerves of each eye to allow info from both eyes to pass to both sides of the brain |
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What things happen when you are looking at something far away |
Ciliary muscles relax, ligaments become tight, lens flattens, pupils dilate |
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What things happen when you are looking at something close up |
Ciliary muscles contract, ligaments relax, lens become rounded, pupils constrict |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What is the optic chiasma |
Nerve fibres that cross to opposite sides of the brain from the optic nerves of each eye to allow info from both eyes to pass to both sides of the brain |
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What things happen when you are looking at something far away |
Ciliary muscles relax, ligaments become tight, lens flattens, pupils dilate |
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What things happen when you are looking at something close up |
Ciliary muscles contract, ligaments relax, lens become rounded, pupils constrict |
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What is accommodation |
Ability of lens to adjust from focussing on far objects to close ones |
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What happens when a photon of light hits rhodopsin? |
It breaks into two components (retinene and opsin) which causes an action potential in the rod cell that is conducted to the bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and then optic nerve |
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What does binocular vision give us |
Depth perception |
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What is the optic chiasma |
Nerve fibres that cross to opposite sides of the brain from the optic nerves of each eye to allow info from both eyes to pass to both sides of the brain |
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What things happen when you are looking at something far away |
Ciliary muscles relax, ligaments become tight, lens flattens, pupils dilate |
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What things happen when you are looking at something close up |
Ciliary muscles contract, ligaments relax, lens become rounded, pupils constrict |
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What is accommodation |
Ability of lens to adjust from focussing on far objects to close ones |
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What are some visual disorders? |
Glaucoma- build up of aqueous humor, cataract-lens becomes clouded over, astigmatism-irregularly shaped cornea = blurred vision |
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What is myopia (nearsightedness) |
Eyeball is longer than normal. Can see near but not far because image focussed in front of retina |
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What is myopia (nearsightedness) |
Eyeball is longer than normal. Can see near but not far because image focussed in front of retina |
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What is hyperopia (farsightedness) |
Eyeball is shorter than normal. Can see far away but not close because image is focussed behind retina |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What does the Eustachian tube do |
Maintain pressure in the middle ear (nothing to do with hearing) |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What does the Eustachian tube do |
Maintain pressure in the middle ear (nothing to do with hearing) |
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What is the vestibule responsible for |
Static equilibrium (balance) |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What does the Eustachian tube do |
Maintain pressure in the middle ear (nothing to do with hearing) |
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What is the vestibule responsible for |
Static equilibrium (balance) |
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What are the semicircular canals |
Fluid filled canals that are responsible for dynamic equilibrium (dynamic balance) |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What does the Eustachian tube do |
Maintain pressure in the middle ear (nothing to do with hearing) |
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What is the vestibule responsible for |
Static equilibrium (balance) |
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What are the semicircular canals |
Fluid filled canals that are responsible for dynamic equilibrium (dynamic balance) |
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What is the cochlea |
Snail shaped spiral canal that identifies sound frequency and intensity. Contains organ of corti |
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What is the pinna |
Outer fleshy part of ear that funnels sound |
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What does the auditory canal do |
Carry sound into the eardrum |
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What does the tympanic membrane do |
Vibrates in response to sound waves to concentrate and amplify vibrations to middle ear bones |
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What are the ossicles |
Tiny bones that transmit vibrations to oval window |
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What does the oval window do |
Transmit amplified sound to round window of inner ear |
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What does the Eustachian tube do |
Maintain pressure in the middle ear (nothing to do with hearing) |
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What is the vestibule responsible for |
Static equilibrium (balance) |
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What are the semicircular canals |
Fluid filled canals that are responsible for dynamic equilibrium (dynamic balance) |
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What is the cochlea |
Snail shaped spiral canal that identifies sound frequency and intensity. Contains organ of corti |
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What is the basic process for hearing |
Sound waves vibrate eardrum. Ossicles vibrate and sound is amplified. Tiny hairs attached to basilar membrane bend and vibrate basilar membrane. Sensory nerve are stimulated. Sound energy converted to electrical impulse. Carried by neurons in the auditory nerve in brain |
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What are some ear disorders |
Vertigo-dizziness, Otis media-middle war inflammation, nerve deafness, conduction deafness |
