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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the early 1500's, what was science based on?
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The ideas of Aristotle
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What was the Aristotelean view?
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A motionless earth was fixed at the center of the universe, around it ten spheres revolved, and there was heaven and earth.
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Why did Christians like Aristotles interpretation?
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Because it gave a specified place for heaven and earth.
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What was the Copernican hypothesis?
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It was his heliocentric model of the world.
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What were the consequences of Copernicus' hypothesis?
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-It put the stars at rest, taking away the crystal spheres.
-It suggested a universe of staggering size. -There was no heavenly realm. |
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Who was Brahe?
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He developed the world's first observatory, as well as came up with a new arrangement of the planets, in which the sun and moon circled the earth, while the rest of the planets circled the sun.
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What were Kepler's three laws of planetary motion?
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1. The orbits are eliptical
2. The orbits do not follow a constant speed. 3. The orbits' speed vary according to their distance from the sun. |
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What method did Galileo develop?
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The experimental method.
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What law did Galileo develop?
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The law of inertia.
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Upon making the telescope, what did Galileo discover?
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The moons of Jupiter.
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What was the Newtonian synthesis?
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The law of universal gravitation.
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What were the causes of the scientific revolution?
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1. The establishment of universities
2.The Renaissance, which stimulated scientific progress. 3.The navigational problems of long sea voyages. |
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Who developed the theory of empiricism?
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Bacon
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What did Descartes discover?
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Analytic geometry.
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What is Cartesian dualism?
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Everything can be deduced to either matter or mind.
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In the early 1500's, what was science based on?
|
The ideas of Aristotle
|
|
|
What was the Aristotelean view?
|
A motionless earth was fixed at the center of the universe, around it ten spheres revolved, and there was heaven and earth.
|
|
|
Why did Christians like Aristotles interpretation?
|
Because it gave a specified place for heaven and earth.
|
|
|
What was the Copernican hypothesis?
|
It was his heliocentric model of the world.
|
|
|
What were the consequences of Copernicus' hypothesis?
|
-It put the stars at rest, taking away the crystal spheres.
-It suggested a universe of staggering size. -There was no heavenly realm. |
|
|
Who was Brahe?
|
He developed the world's first observatory, as well as came up with a new arrangement of the planets, in which the sun and moon circled the earth, while the rest of the planets circled the sun.
|
|
|
What were Kepler's three laws of planetary motion?
|
1. The orbits are eliptical
2. The orbits do not follow a constant speed. 3. The orbits' speed vary according to their distance from the sun. |
|
|
What method did Galileo develop?
|
The experimental method.
|
|
|
What law did Galileo develop?
|
The law of inertia.
|
|
|
Upon making the telescope, what did Galileo discover?
|
The moons of Jupiter.
|
|
|
What was the Newtonian synthesis?
|
The law of universal gravitation.
|
|
|
What were the causes of the scientific revolution?
|
1. The establishment of universities
2.The Renaissance, which stimulated scientific progress. 3.The navigational problems of long sea voyages. |
|
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Who developed the theory of empiricism?
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Bacon
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What did Descartes discover?
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Analytic geometry.
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What is Cartesian dualism?
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Everything can be deduced to either matter or mind.
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What were some consequences of the Scientific Revolution?
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1. Science became competive
2. The Modern Scientific Method |
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Who was Bernard de Fontenelle?
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He tried to make science appear witty and interesting, to those without a background in the subject.
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What were some uncertanties brought to light by skeptics?
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1. Absolute truth
2. Religious unity 3. Discovery of new cultures 4. John Locke's essay |
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What did John Locke believe about the human mind? Who was this in contrast to?
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He believed all ideas are derived from experience, the mind is like a blank tablet at birth (tabularasa). Descartes thought all people were born with basic ideas.
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Why did the enlightenment reach it's peak in France? (3)
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1. French was the language of the educated classes.
2. In France, radicals did not face the same punishment 3. They wanted to reach the general public. |
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What did John le Rond d'Alembert believe?
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The great majority of common people are doomed.
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How did Montesquieu suggest that despotism could be avoided?
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Through a separation of powers.
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How did Voltaire view relgion?
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He thought God made the world, but then stepped to the side.
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Who wrote the Encyclopedia?
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Didderot.
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Who aruged that humans were machines operated by outside forces?
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d'Holbach.
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What did Hume argue?
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That the human mind is nothing but a bundle of impressions.
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What political theory did Rousseau contribute?
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The general will.
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Who greatly influenced the romantic movement?
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Rousseau.
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Who invaded the German province of Silesia?
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Frederick the Great.
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Which ruler tried to Westernize Russia?
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Catherine the Great.
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Who outlined the rules of fair warfare?
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Grotiius
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Who questioned the necesity of war?
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Comenius
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Who developed the idea of using an ethical thought as the guide to conduct?
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Spinoza
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What were the three ideas of the Englightenment?
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1. Individualism
2. Relativism 3. Rationalism |
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What was the Glorious revolution?
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James II was thrown out from the throne, and Mary and William ascended.
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What is Hobbes' perception on human nature?
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Humans are inherently bad.
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What did Hume believe, pertaining to universal truth?
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There is none.
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Who invented calculus?
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Leibniz
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Who epitomized the Strum and Srang movement?
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Goethe.
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What made the Enlightenment difficult to popularize in Germany?
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1. Small city states
2. The language was Latin 3. Was no popular discontent 4. Was no large distinction between classes |
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Who argued against Mercantilism?
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Quesnay
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