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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Background to the Revolution
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In the XV and XVI centuries several changes led the natural philosophers to abandon their old views and develop new ones.
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A Revolution in Astronomy
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The Ptolemaic System.
Ptolemy, created a model of the universe that was geocentric, because it places the Earth in the center of the universe. This theory said that: • Earth was static. • The Universe is a series of concentric spheres. • The spheres were made of a crystal-like substance. • Planets and moons are embedded in the spheres. • There were ten spheres. • Beyond the spheres, was Heaven, God, and the saved souls resided. Copernicus and Kepler. Copernicus argued that: • The Sun was the center of the Universe. • The moon revolved around the Earth. • The apparent movement of the Sun around the Earth was caused because of the rotation of the earth on its axis. Kepler argued that: • The sun was the center of the universe, but the orbits of the planets around the sun weren’t circular but elliptical. Galileo Galilei • He was the first one to observe heavens using a telescope. • He observed that planets were composed of the same materials as the Earth. • He was found under suspicion by the Catholic Church (with his theory people were no longer the center of the Universe and God was no longer on a specific place) Newton • Defined the Universal Law of Gravitation. • The law states that every object in the universe is attracted to to other object by a force called gravity. • The picture that he created ruled until Einstein in the XX century gave another view along with the concept of relativity. |
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Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry
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Medicine
• In the Middle Ages they followed the studies of Galen. • The revolution began in the XVI century. • Versalius made dissections on human bodies and he made accurate examination of human organs. • Despite of his studies Veralius had a mistaken idea on the type of blood in human beings. (He thought there were two kinds of it) • In 1628 Harvey discovered that the heart was the beginning point for the circulation of blood, he proved that the same blood flowed in veins and arteries. Chemistry • Robert Boyle his experiments with gases led to the Boyle’s Law. • Antoine Lavoisier invented the system of naming the chemical elements. |
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Women and the Origins of Modern Science
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• Margaret Cavendish, she criticized the idea that humans, through science were the masters of nature.
• In Germany, Maria Winkelman developed as an astronomer, she tried to work as an assistant in the Berlin Academy but she was refused for being a woman. She discovered a comet. |
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Descartes and Reason
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• He emphasized the importance of his own mind, he would accept only those things that his reason said were true.
• His most famous principle was “I think, therefore I am” (Pienso, luego existo) • He is considered the father of rationalism, which main idea is that reason is the chief of knowledge. |
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The scientific Method
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It was created during the scientific revolution by Francis Bacon although he was not a scientist.
He thought that science should be relied on observation, experiments to test hypothesis that would led to correct general principles. |
