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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HEREDITY
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The passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
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GENETICS
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Branch of biology that studies heredity.
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TRAITS
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Characteristics that are inherited.
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GAMETE
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A sex cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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POLLINATION
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The transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower.
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FERTILIZATION
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Uniting of male and female gametes.
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HYBRID
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Offspring from parents that have different forms of a trait (e.g., tallness or shortness).
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MONOHYBRID CROSSES
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Two parents differ by a single trait.
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MENDEL MONOHYBRID CROSSES - 3 STEPS
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P1 : short pea plant crossed with tall pea plant
P2 : all tall pea plants P3 : 3 tall, 1 short (no intermediate forms) |
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MENDEL'S 2 "FACTORS"
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Mendel concluded that each organism has two "factors" that control each of its traits. We now know these "factors" are genes.
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ALLELES
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Genes that exist in alternate forms. For example, Mendel's pea plants could have 2 alleles of a gene that determines height. Both could be tall, both could be short, or one could be each.
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ALLELE'S LOCATION
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An organism's 2 alleles are located on different copies of a chromosome -- one inherited from the male parent and one inherited from the female parent.
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DOMINANT
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In F1 generation, the trait that was observed -- it won out over the other alternative and, when paired with a recessive trait, the dominant one is the one that will be expressed.
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RECESSIVE
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In the F1 generation, the trait that disappears but reappears in the F2 generation. Must have two recessive alleles for the recessive trait to be expressed.
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MENDEL'S 2 LAWS
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1. The law of segregation
2. The law of independent assortment. |
