The Result Of Subtract Deficiency

Front 1

Cause of red dry scaly (squamous) dermatitis with easily bleeding lesions, which can be treated by rubbing the skin with sunflower oil

Back 1

Linolenic Acid in diet
6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid.

Front 2

A young child presents with a LONGSTANDING COAGULOPATHY by promyelocyte (PML) differentiation failure

Back 2

PML gene fuses with the RAR gene (Retinoic Acid Receptor) on chromosome 17 to initiate PML differentiation

Front 3

Cofactor for XANTHINE OXIDASE

Back 3

Molybdenum
for Uric Acid formation

Front 4

Cofactor for:
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE
GLYCOSYL TRANFERASE

Back 4

Manganese
for mucopolysaccharides formation

Front 5

Cofactor for:
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE

Back 5

Selenium
serve as an antioxidant role in the cytoplasm to minimize oxidative injury

Front 6

Cofactor for:
COLLAGENASE
CO2 ANHYDRASE; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE;
ALKALINE PHOSPHOTASE
LACTASE DEHYDROGENASE
DNA & RNA POLYMERASE

Back 6

Zinc
Its deficiency leads to a Scurvy-like syndrome with a concomitant decrease in smell & state

Front 7

Cofactor is used to form
Methylmalonyl-CoA
Is used in various carboxylation reactions

Back 7

Biotin = Vit B7
Conversion of:
Pyruvate --> Oxaloacetate
Acetyl-CoA --> Malonyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA --> MethylMalonyl-CoA

Front 8

Vit deficiency can has lesions
1- Perioral lessions, malar rash, glossitis
2- Beefy glossitis & 3D's: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia (Pellagra's)
3- Angular cheilitis, glossitis
4- Bright red, atrophic tongue
5- Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing

Back 8

1- B2 Riboflavin

2- B3 Niacin (PP):
anti-black-tongue factor

3- B6 Pyridoxine
4- B12 Cobalamin
5- C Ascorbic Acid

Front 9

Excess of which Vit can cause ALOPECIA (baldness), HEADACHE, yellow-like skin (no bilirubin), Arthralgia, sore thoart, fatigue

Back 9

Vitamin A

Front 10

Which of vitamins involve aa metabolism

Back 10

1) B3: is derived from Tryptophan, NADP --> NAD
2) K : catalyzes gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
3) C : Hydroxylation of prolin & lysine in collagen synthesis

Front 11

Dark urine is apparent upon standing

Back 11

- ALKAPTONURIA: AR by mutation in HGD gene on 3q
Excretion of homogentisic acid Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency
In the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine
- PORPHYRIA
Disorders involving heme biosynthesis,
May be inherited (Uroporphyrinogen I synthase defection -> - Uroporphyrin but +++ Delta ALA & Porphobilinogen)
or be acquired (hexachlorobenzene)
Psychiatric and abdominal symptoms

Front 12

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) = argipressin = antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
V1 receptor

Back 12

AVP allows water reabsorption by the introduction of additional water channels in cortical and inner medullary collecting ducts

Front 13

ADH Effects on CNS

Back 13

1- Implicates in memory formation
2- Involves in aggression, blood pressure regulation and temperature regulation.
3- Seems to induce the male to become aggressive towards other males

Front 14

AVPR1A: V1a receptor
- phosphatidylinositol/calcium
- In liver, kidney, peripheral vasculature, brain

Back 14

- Vasoconstriction, gluconeogenesis
- Platelet aggregation,release of factor VIII & von Willebrand factor
- Social recognition[2], circadian tau[3]

Front 15

AVPR1B: V1b receptor
- phosphatidylinositol/calcium
- pituitary gland, brain

Back 15

- Adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in response to stress[4];
- Social interpretation to olfactory cues[5]

Front 16

AVPR2: V2 receptor
- adenylate cyclase/cAMP
- apical membrane of lined collecting duct cells (especially the cortical and outer medullary of it)

Back 16

- Insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) channels (water channels)which allows water to be reabsorbed down an osmotic gradient, and so the urine is more concentrated.
- Release of von Willebrand factor and surface expression of P-selectin through exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies from endothelial cells

Front 17

HARTNUP disease
- Autosomal Recessive
- Increased urinary excretion of tryptophan derivatives
- tryptophan for nicotinic acid synthesis -> damage to nervous S. & skin.

Back 17

- Aminoaciduria which is due to a defect of Na+-neutral amino acid cotransport in renal tubulars
- Sx: Pellagralike, light-sensitive skin rash.
temporary cerebellar ataxia

Front 18

Cystinuria
- Autosomal Recessive
- Increased urinary excretion of Cystine, Arginine, lysin, ornithine & nephrolithiasis

Back 18

- Defect of the amino acid exchanger for neutral & dibasic acids in renal tubulars.
- In familial protein intolerance the reabsorption of dibasic amino acids is abnormal