The Respiratory System

Front 1

Visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture

Back 1

inspection

Front 2

The process of examining by application of the hands or fingers to the external surface of the body to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs

Back 2

palpation

Front 3

Process of listening for sounds within the body, usually of the thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition, or to detect fetal herat sounds

Back 3

auscultation

Front 4

Use of fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity

Back 4

percussion

Front 5

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharnyx

Back 5

adenoids

Front 6

Air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma

Back 6

alveoli

Front 7

The upper portion of the lung; rising about 2.5 to 5 cm above the collarbone

Back 7

apex of lung

Front 8

The lowest part of the lung, resting on the diaphragm

Back 8

base of lung

Front 9

The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement

Back 9

bronchi

Front 10

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

Back 10

bronchiole

Front 11

Any of the minute blood vessels

Back 11

cappilaries

Front 12

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

Back 12

diaphragm

Front 13

A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue; covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows

Back 13

epiglottis

Front 14

The sound-producing apparatus of the larynx consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space

Back 14

glottis

Front 15

Pain in the larynx

Back 15

laryngalgia

Front 16

Lower portion of the pharynx that extends from the vestibule of the larynx to the lowermost cartilage of the larynx

Back 16

laryngopharnyx

Front 17

The enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue: the voice box

Back 17

larynx

Front 18

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi

Back 18

mediastinum

Front 19

External nostrils

Back 19

Nares

Front 20

Part of the pharnyx located above the soft palate (postnasal space)

Back 20

nasopharynx

Front 21

Central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis

Back 21

oropharynx

Front 22

Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces (the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral pharynx) and the pharynx

Back 22

palatine tonsils

Front 23

Hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity

Back 23

paranasal sinuses

Front 24

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

Back 24

parietal pleura

Front 25

Passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus; the throat

Back 25

pharynx

Front 26

The nerve that is knows as the motor nerve to the diaphragm

Back 26

phrenic nerve

Front 27

The double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

Back 27

pleura

Front 28

The space that separated the visceral and parietal pleurae, which contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration

Back 28

pleural space

Front 29

The functional units of the lungs, which have very thin walls that allow for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Back 29

pulmonary parenchyma

Front 30

A wall dividing two cavities

Back 30

septum

Front 31

The chest; the part of the body between the base of the neck and the diaphragm

Back 31

thorax

Front 32

A cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage that is 4.5 inches long, from the larynx to the bronchial tubes; the windpipe

Back 32

trachea

Front 33

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs

Back 33

vixceral pleura

Front 34

The temporary cessation of breathing

Back 34

apnea

Front 35

Abnormally slow breathing

Back 35

bradypnea

Front 36

A forceful & sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration.

Back 36

cough

Front 37

A cough that is not effective in bringing up sputum

Back 37

nonproductive or unproductive cough

Front 38

A cough that is effective in bringing up sputum

Back 38

productive cough

Front 39

Sputum resembling mucus

Back 39

mucoid sputum

Front 40

sputum containing mucus and pus

Back 40

mucopurulent sputum

Front 41

Sputum containing pus

Back 41

purulent sputum

Front 42

Sputum resembling serum; containing a thin, watery fluid

Back 42

serous sputum

Front 43

Slightly bluish, grayish, or dark purple discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Back 43

cyanosis

Front 44

Difficulty in speaking: hoarseness

Back 44

dysphonia

Front 45

Air hunger resulting in labored or difficlut breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain

Back 45

dyspnea

Front 46

Hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

Back 46

epistaxis

Front 47

The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs

Back 47

expectoration

Front 48

The expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs.

Back 48

hemoptysis

Front 49

Increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

Back 49

hypercapnia

Front 50

Insufficient oxygenation of the blood

Back 50

hypoxemia

Front 51

Deficiency of oxygen

Back 51

hypoxia

Front 52

Very deep, gasping type of rspiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis

Back 52

Kussmaul respiration

Front 53

Respiratory condition in which there is discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting, or standing position.

Back 53

orthopnea

Front 54

Friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space

Back 54

pleural rub

Front 55

An abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air through bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls

Back 55

rales

Front 56

Thin,watery discharge from the nose

Back 56

rhinorrhea

Front 57

Rales or rattlings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring

Back 57

rhonchi

Front 58

To expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

Back 58

sneeze

Front 59

Harsh sounds during respiration; high pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passages

Back 59

stridor

Front 60

Abnormal rapidity of breathing

Back 60

tachypnea

Front 61

A whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway

Back 61

wheeze

Front 62

Inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes known as the common cold

Back 62

coryza

Front 63

A choldhood disease characterized by a barking cough, suffocative and difficlut breathing, stridor, and laryngeal spams

Back 63

croup

Front 64

Serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever. Caused by bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Back 64

diphtheria

Front 65

Inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia, cough, and difficulty breathing

Back 65

larngitis

Front 66

An acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; "whooping cough"

Back 66

pertussis

Front 67

Inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat

Back 67

pharyngitis

Front 68

Infammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstruction of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain

Back 68

rhinitis

Front 69

Inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus

Back 69

sinusitis

Front 70

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils; located in the area of the oropharynx

Back 70

tonsillitis

Front 71

Paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane

Back 71

asthma

Front 72

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lung

Back 72

bronchiectasis

Front 73

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Infection is often preceded by the common cold

Back 73

bronchitis

Front 74

A malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer

Back 74

bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 75

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls

Back 75

emphysema

Front 76

Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax); usually the result of a primary infection in the lungs

Back 76

empyema

Front 77

Known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the premature infant; severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn.

Back 77

hyaline membrane disease

Front 78

A localized collection of pus by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have migrated to the area to fight infection

Back 78

lung abscess

Front 79

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea

Back 79

pleural effusion

Front 80

Inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura

Back 80

pleuritis (pleuisy)

Front 81

Inflammation of the lungs cuased primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

Back 81

pneumonia

Front 82

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. The air enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall of the pleura covering the lung

Back 82

pneumothorax

Front 83

Swelling of the lungs caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial spaces

Back 83

pulmonary edema

Front 84

The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location, and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung.

Back 84

Pulmonary embolism

Front 85

The hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall

Back 85

pulmonary heart disease

Front 86

An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous necrosis in the tissues of the lungs

Back 86

tuberculosis

Front 87

The accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust; black lung disease; coal worker's pneumoconiasis

Back 87

anthracosis

Front 88

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles

Back 88

asbestosis

Front 89

A lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp; brown lung disease

Back 89

byssinosis

Front 90

Lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica dust. characterized by formation of small nodules

Back 90

silicosis

Front 91

The examination of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube knows as a bronchoscope

Back 91

bronchoscopy

Front 92

The use of high-energy electromagentic waves passing through the body onto a photogtaphic film, to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy

Back 92

chest x-ray

Front 93

The examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngoscope (or endoscope)

Back 93

laryngoscopy

Front 94

The visual imaging of the distribution of ventilation or blood flow in the lungs by scanning the lungs after the patient has been injected with or has inhaled radioactive material

Back 94

lung scan

Front 95

Physicians use this variety of tests to assess respiratoyr function

Back 95

pulmonary function tests

Front 96

A specimen of material expectorated from the mouth.

Back 96

sputum specimen

Front 97

The use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis, or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

Back 97

thoracentesis

Front 98

Arterial blod gas(es)

Back 98

ABD(s)

Front 99

acid-fast bacilli

Back 99

AFB

Front 100

anteroposterior (from front to back)

Back 100

AP

Front 101

acute respiratory disease (or distress)

Back 101

ARD

Front 102

adult respiratory distress syndrome

Back 102

ARDS

Front 103

acute respiratory failure

Back 103

ARF

Front 104

carbon dioxide

Back 104

CO2

Front 105

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 105

COPD

Front 106

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Back 106

CPR

Front 107

chest x-ray

Back 107

CXR

Front 108

diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

Back 108

DPT

Front 109

intermittent positive pressure breathing

Back 109

IPPB

Front 110

left lower lobe

Back 110

LLL

Front 111

left upper lobe

Back 111

LUL

Front 112

oxygen

Back 112

O2

Front 113

posteroanterior (from back to front)

Back 113

PA

Front 114

partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood

Back 114

PaO2

Front 115

Pneymocyctis carinii pneumonia

Back 115

PCP

Front 116

pulmonary function test(s)

Back 116

PFT(s)

Front 117

purified protein derivative

Back 117

PPD

Front 118

respiration

Back 118

R

Front 119

respiratory distress syndrome

Back 119

RDS

Front 120

right lowe lobe

Back 120

RLL

Front 121

Right middle lobe

Back 121

RML

Front 122

right upper lobe

Back 122

RUL

Front 123

sudden infant death syndrome

Back 123

SIDS

Front 124

shortness of breath

Back 124

SOB

Front 125

tuberculosis

Back 125

TB

Front 126

temperature, pulse, and respiration

Back 126

TPR

Front 127

upper respiratory infection

Back 127

URI