The Respiratory System

Front 1

air passageway

Back 1

nasopharynx

Front 2

air and food passageway (2)

Back 2

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Front 3

voice box
connects phynx to trachea

Back 3

larynx

Front 4

flap that prevents food from entering trachea

Back 4

epiglottis

Front 5

thyroid cartilage

Back 5

adams apple

Front 6

folds of tough tissue

Back 6

vocal cords in larynx

Front 7

produce high pitch

Back 7

taut cords

Front 8

produce low pitch

Back 8

relaxed cords

Front 9

extends from larynx to primary bronchi
* coated w. mucous lined w ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 9

trachea

Front 10

what do the bronchi divide into?

Back 10

primary bronchi> secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi> bronchopulmonary segments

Front 11

what is the difference in bronchi and bronchiole walls?

Back 11

bronchi walls have cartilage rings
bronchiole walls have smooth muscle

Front 12

covers lungs

Back 12

visceral layer

Front 13

lubrication fluid between the membranes

Back 13

plueral cavity

Front 14

attached to thoracic cavity wall

Back 14

parietal layer

Front 15

root of lungs

Back 15

hilus

Front 16

funcional units of the lungs w lymphatics, arterioles and venules, respiratory and terminal bronchioles, and avelor sacs, ducts and alveoli

Back 16

lobules

Front 17

end of bronchopulmonary segments,
* where gas exchange takes place*

Back 17

alveoli

Front 18

secrete fliud that moistens cells and surfactant that keeps the alveoli from collapsing

Back 18

septal cells

Front 19

requires muscular activity and changes in chest size

Back 19

breathing

Front 20

diaphrahm moves down
ribs are lifted by msucles
intrathoracic pressure falls and air is brought in

Back 20

inhalation

Front 21

occurs when alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

Back 21

exhalation

Front 22

occurs when alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure

Back 22

inhalation

Front 23

as the size of a closed container decreases, pressure inside is increased

Back 23

boyles law

Front 24

passive prcess w no muscle action
alveolar pressure increases and air is pushed out

Back 24

exhalation

Front 25

force that causes alveoli to have the smallest possible diameter w.o collapsing

Back 25

surface tension

Front 26

substance that enables the surface tension to change and prevents alveoli from colapsing during exhalation

Back 26

surfactant

Front 27

normal breathing rate

Back 27

eupnea

Front 28

holding breath

Back 28

apnea

Front 29

dyspnea

Back 29

painful breathing rate

Front 30

tachypea

Back 30

rapid breathing

Front 31

volume moved in or out of repiratory tract during normal respiratory cycle

Back 31

tidal volume

Front 32

maximum volume that can be moved into repiratory tract after normal inspiration

Back 32

inspiratory reserve volume

Front 33

maximum volume that can be moved out of respiratory tract after normal expiration

Back 33

expiratory reserve volume

Front 34

residual volume

Back 34

volume remaining in the repiratory tract after maximum expiration

Front 35

each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure

Back 35

daltons law

Front 36

what does the rate of diffusion depend on?

Back 36

patial pressure
surface area
molecular weight
distance

Front 37

gas exchange bw alveoli and capillaries

Back 37

external respiration

Front 38

gas exchange bw capillaries and tissues

Back 38

inernal respiration

Front 39

hemoglobin in RBCs carries what percent of oxygen

Back 39

98.5%

Front 40

what affects hemoglobins affinity for oxygen?

Back 40

pressure of oxygen
low ph
increase in temp
low concentration of carbon dioxide

Front 41

how much of blood carries how much of carbon dioxide?

Back 41

100 ml carries 55 ml of co2

Front 42

3 ways blood can transfer carbon dioxide

Back 42

dissolved in plasma
combined w hemoglobin to make carbaminohemoglobin
transported as bocarbonate

Front 43

controls basic rhythm of respiration

Back 43

medullary rythmicity area

Front 44

sets basic rythym of repiration

Back 44

inspiratory area

Front 45

activated during hig levels of ventilation

Back 45

expiratory area

Front 46

coordinates transition bw inspiration and expiration

Back 46

pneumotaxic area

Front 47

tells inspiratory area to prolong inspiration, inhibit expiration

Back 47

apneustic area

Front 48

low pressure in arterial blood
can be from from high altitude, obstructed airway, and fliud in lungs

Back 48

hypoxic hypoxia

Front 49

too little functioning hemoglobin

Back 49

anemic hypoxia

Front 50

oxygenated blood doesnt reach tissues fast enough

Back 50

stagnant hypoxia

Front 51

tissues get enoguh oxygen but cant use it properly

Back 51

histotoxic hypoxia