The Reproductive System

Front 1

what is the main function of the reproductive system?

Back 1

to perpetuate the species

Front 2

what is the role of the male reproductive system?

Back 2

production of sperm and their delivery to females

Front 3

what is the role of the female reproductive system

Back 3

productive of eggs, providing location for fertilization and providing location of and support for embryonic development

Front 4

these produce germ cells or gametes

Back 4

gonads

Front 5

these have 1/2 of the normal chromosomes as other body cells (haploid cells)

Back 5

gametes

Front 6

the male gonads

Back 6

testes

Front 7

the male gametes

Back 7

sperm

Front 8

the female gonads

Back 8

ovaries

Front 9

the female gametes

Back 9

eggs (ova)

Front 10

at fertilization the egg and sperm come together to form a _____________ with ___ chromosomes

Back 10

zygote, 46

Front 11

what is the endocrine function of the testes?

Back 11

producing testosterone

Front 12

what is the exocrine function of the testes?

Back 12

producing sperm

Front 13

what is testosterone secreted into so that it can be picked up by the cardiovascular system and distributed to different parts of the body

Back 13

interstitial fluid

Front 14

after the sperm are produced they are put into a series of __________ that lead them to the surface

Back 14

ducts

Front 15

where are the testes located?

Back 15

in the scrotum

Front 16

the scrotum is actually outside of what?

Back 16

abdominopelvic cavity

Front 17

what is the temperature of the scrotum? why?

Back 17

94 F for sperm production

Front 18

each testes begins its development in what position? if it does not descend into the scrotum it will not be able to produce functional sperm due to the higher temperature

Back 18

retroperitoneal position

Front 19

what do the testes descend through in order?

Back 19

abdominal cavity, into the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal, out of the superficial inguinal ring and down into the scrotum

Front 20

list the path of sperm.

Back 20

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis

Front 21

first portion of the duct system that runs up the posterolateral aspect of a testis and caps its superior aspect

Back 21

epididymis

Front 22

what does the epididymis consist of?

Back 22

head, body and tail

Front 23

what does the tail of the epididymis lead into?

Back 23

vas deferens

Front 24

where do immature sperm complete their maturation process?

Back 24

epididymis

Front 25

duct after the epididymis that passes through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity

Back 25

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

Front 26

structure the connects the testes back to the abdominal cavity

Back 26

spermatic cord

Front 27

where is the spermatic cord found?

Back 27

inguinal canal

Front 28

where does the vas deferens empty sperm into?

Back 28

ejaculatory duct

Front 29

duct from the seminal vesicle merges with the vas deferens to form this

Back 29

ejaculatory duct

Front 30

the ejaculatory duct takes sperm through the ________ ____________ to the ___________ _____________.

Back 30

prostate gland; prosthetic urethra

Front 31

who has a longer urethra: males or females?

Back 31

males

Front 32

list the order that sperm travels through the urethra from proximal to distal.

Back 32

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy (penile) urethra

Front 33

this is part of the male reproductive and urinary systems

Back 33

urethra

Front 34

when a small incision is made into each side of the scrotum and the vas deferens is isolated and then cut so that sperm can no longer make it through the entire duct system

Back 34

vasectomy

Front 35

these produce seminal fluid

Back 35

male accessory glands

Front 36

the medium in which sperm leaves the body

Back 36

seminal fluid

Front 37

list the male accessory glands

Back 37

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Front 38

another name for the bulbourethral glands

Back 38

Cowper's glands

Front 39

these produce about 60% of seminal fluid and lie on the posterior side of the male urinary bladder

Back 39

seminal vesicles

Front 40

what 2 things form the ejaculatory duct?

Back 40

seminal vesicles and vas deferens

Front 41

this is an example of a secretion from then seminal vesicles that nourishes the sperm and promotes fertilization

Back 41

fructose

Front 42

this encircles the urethra just inferior to the bladder and produces secretions that help activate the sperm

Back 42

prostate gland

Front 43

these are very tiny pea shaped glands that lie inferior to the prostate and produce a thick, clear, alkaline mucous that drains onto the membranous and penile urethra ahead of the sperm to wash out any residual urine

Back 43

bulbourethral glands

Front 44

the male copulatory organ

Back 44

penis

Front 45

what is the main function of the penis?

Back 45

to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract

Front 46

this consists of 3 cylinders of erective tissue

Back 46

penis

Front 47

when does an erection occur?

Back 47

when the erectile tissue fills with blood

Front 48

the free enlarged end of the penis

Back 48

glans penis

Front 49

around the proximal end of the glans penis

Back 49

prepuce or foreskin

Front 50

the dorsal paired cylinders of the penis

Back 50

corpora cavernosa

Front 51

the single ventral cylinder of the penis

Back 51

corpus spongiosum

Front 52

this surrounds the spongy (penile) urethra

Back 52

corpus spongiosum

Front 53

what type of cells within the testes produce testosterone?

Back 53

Leydig cells

Front 54

highly coiled tubes where sperm is produced

Back 54

seminiferous tubules

Front 55

what caps the superior aspect of the testis?

Back 55

head of epididymis

Front 56

this duct is a part of the spermatic cord

Back 56

vas deferens

Front 57

the testicular arteries, a plexus of veins, nerves, lymphatics and the vas deferens are all a part of what?

Back 57

spermatic cord

Front 58

where is the spermatic cord found?

Back 58

inguinal canal

Front 59

what is the pH of the female reproductive tract? do sperm like this?

Back 59

very acidic; no

Front 60

what organ is used for sexual intercourse

Back 60

copulatory organs

Front 61

female gonads

Back 61

ovaries

Front 62

endocrine function of the ovaries

Back 62

producing estrogen and progesterone

Front 63

exocrine function of the ovaries

Back 63

producing ova (eggs)

Front 64

the ovaries are homologous to the __________

Back 64

testes

Front 65

do endocrine glands have ducts?

Back 65

no

Front 66

do the ovaries and testes have the same embryological origin?

Back 66

yes

Front 67

during what month of development does descent of the ovaries occur?

Back 67

3rd month

Front 68

the ovaries being in this position along the posterior body wall and begin to descend until they reach the pelvic brim of the pelvic cavity before they stop

Back 68

retroperitoneal

Front 69

are the ovaries covered in peritoneum?

Back 69

no; they are in the peritoneal cavity with serous fluid

Front 70

when an egg is ovulated where is it secreted and is then needed to be swept up into the duct system?

Back 70

peritoneal cavity

Front 71

most of the other female reproductive structures are potted by what?

Back 71

mesenteries

Front 72

folds of peritoneum

Back 72

mesentery

Front 73

what genitalia consists of the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral orifice and vaginal orifice?

Back 73

external genitalia

Front 74

fat overlying the pubic symphysis

Back 74

mons pubis

Front 75

homologous to the scrotum of the male

Back 75

labia majora

Front 76

pigmented and hair colored skin folds

Back 76

labia majora

Front 77

small hair free folds enclosed by the labia majora

Back 77

labia minora

Front 78

this region of the female reproductive system contains the clitoris, the urethral orifice, and the vaginal orifice

Back 78

vestibule

Front 79

the paired labia minora enclose this region

Back 79

vestibule

Front 80

the opening for the urethra

Back 80

urethral orifice

Front 81

the opening for the vagina

Back 81

vaginal orifice

Front 82

homologous the the male penis

Back 82

clitoris

Front 83

what is the clitoris composed of

Back 83

erectile tissue

Front 84

does the urethral orifice have reproductive function?

Back 84

no

Front 85

a diamond shaped region that is medial to the thighs and buttocks of both males and females

Back 85

perineum

Front 86

this contains the external genitals and the anus

Back 86

perineum

Front 87

the perineum is bounded anteriorly by the _____________, laterally by the ___________________ and posteriorly by the ________________

Back 87

pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, coccyx

Front 88

this part of the female reproductive system includes the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and the ligaments of supporting structures

Back 88

internal

Front 89

copulatory organ of females

Back 89

vagina

Front 90

the vagina is ___________ to the urinary bladder

Back 90

posterior

Front 91

the uterus is found ________________ to the urinary bladder

Back 91

superior

Front 92

birth canal and passageway for menstrual flow

Back 92

vaginal canal

Front 93

this muscular organ is found between the bladder and the rectum

Back 93

uterus

Front 94

as you head through the vaginal canal it opens into the vestibule where?

Back 94

vaginal orifice

Front 95

where the fertilized egg implants

Back 95

uterus

Front 96

list the 3 parts of the uterus

Back 96

cervix, body, fundus

Front 97

the narrow end of the uterus that is directed inferiorly into the vaginal canal

Back 97

cervix

Front 98

major portion of the uterus

Back 98

body

Front 99

the superior rounded region above the entrance of the uterine tubes

Back 99

fundus

Front 100

another name for uterine tubes

Back 100

Fallopian tubes

Front 101

these extend from an an area around the ovaries and enter the uterus

Back 101

fallopian tubes

Front 102

end of the fallopian tubes near the ovaries are funnel shaped and have these fingerlike projections

Back 102

fimbriae

Front 103

these help to coax the egg into the uterine tube when it is ovulated (released from the ovary)

Back 103

fimbriae

Front 104

where does fertilization take place?

Back 104

fallopian tubes

Front 105

a fold of peritoneum that encloses the fallopian tubes and the uterus

Back 105

broad ligament

Front 106

this ligament helps to hold the ovary in place

Back 106

broad ligament

Front 107

the peritoneum folding over the ovarian blood vessels

Back 107

suspensory ligament

Front 108

what do the ovarian blood vessels come off of?

Back 108

descending abdominal aorta

Front 109

this is a peritoneal fold over some connective tissue that is found in the inguinal canal of females and indicates the track the ovaries would have taken is they had developed into testes

Back 109

round ligament of the uterus

Front 110

a fertilized egg that implants into the wall of the abdominal cavity is considered what

Back 110

ectopic pregnancy

Front 111

an egg released from the ovary will pass through the portions of the uterine tube in what order?

Back 111

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus