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56 Cards in this Set
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Humanist
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Person who specializes in studting the humanities, which includes grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric.
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Values
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Antiquity
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Relating/ having to do with Rome and Greece
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Values
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secularism
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focusing on this life, not religion or heaven
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Values
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individualism
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its important to be ur own person with ur own ideas, styles, and beliefs
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Values
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rationalism
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rationally thinking about things
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Values
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Accomplishment
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its important to be successfull in your earth life and to enjoy it
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Values
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Characterists of Renaissance Art
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Art
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Frescoes
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Fresco is any of several related painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco ("fresh"), which has Latin origins. Frescoes were often made during the Renaissance and other early time periods.
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Art
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perspective
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Perspective (visual), the way in which objects appear to the eye.
Perspective (graphical), representing the effects of visual perspective in drawings |
Art
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anatomy
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Detailed make-up of the human body inside and out.
Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes. |
Art
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Gitto
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1st Renaisssance painter, 1st to use perspective and detail, like with faces
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Art
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Magassico
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Masters perspective by combining liner perspective and shading for more realistic
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Art
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Donatello
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Sculptor. Greatest one before michelango. First to work in bronze since greece. Creates statue of david.
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Art
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Da vinci
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From Vinci. He was a painter, sculptor, math matician, inventor, writer, architech, anatomy, military aranger. He was a true embodyment of the Renaissance. True conversationalist. Greatest words: Great supper, monalisa, and his note books.
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Art
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Michelango
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1st a sculptor, and then 2ndly a painter. He saw the visual art of painting as a lower form of art to sculpting.
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Art
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Raphael
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The playboy of the Italian Renaissance. Party animal/freak. Very social. Employed by the pope. He painted the wall of the popes bedroom. He was very loved by every one, even the pope cried when he died.
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Art
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Titian
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best portrait painter ever. He makes money painting people. 1st person to make money painting people.
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Art
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Liberal Arts
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Renaissance supporters of the visual arts — architecture, painting, sculpture, classed as mechanical and manual arts — argued their inclusion to the liberal arts, among said advocates were Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, and Giorgio Vasari. In Italy, and among Renaissance humanists, the academic matter was decided around 1500, yet it required another century in Spain and England.
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Northern Renaissance
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Printing press
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The printing press produced books that helped spread the ideas of the humanists quickly.
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Northern Renaissance
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Gutenberg
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First European to use moveable type to print books.
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Northern Renaissance
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Erasmus
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The most influential humanist.
Dutch Scholor. lived from about 1466 to 1536. At young age he entered the monasary. Wrote: "Praise of Folley" |
Northern Renaissance
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Praise of Folley
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Book written by Erasmus. In it he ridiculed ignorance, superstition, and Vice among christians. He critisced fasting, pilgramges to religious shrines, and even churches interpertation of the bible.
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Northern Renaissance
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Thomas Moore
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humanist, friend of Erasmus, took a similar view. Publishes Utopia in 1516.
English man. Social critic/critized everything. Also part of the church. |
Northern Renaissance
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Utopia
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Published in 1516 by Thomas More. Condemned governments as corrupt and argued that private ownership of property causes unnessary conflicts between people. Utopia means, "an ideal place or society" In More's imaginary world, all male citizens were equal. Everyone worked to support society. Utopia became popular in Europe and was translated into many languages.
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Northern Reniassance
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Society of Jesus
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Known as the Jesuits. The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a priest.
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Counter Reformation
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Loyola
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founds the society of Jesus in 1534. The followers of his were called Jesuits.
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Counter Reformation
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Jesuits
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Special agents for spreading catholacism and reviving faith in the church. Chasity, poverty, and obedience were all vows that the Jesuits made, not just any one can be a Jesuits. Their chosen by intellegence, character, and extranly good health. They dont withdrawl from life, they become teachers, preachers, and people. Their out working in the world as far a Japan.
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Counter Reformation
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Council of Trent
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Formed by Paul the 3rd. Council cleans up commmunity and clarifys church doctrine. Takes 18 yearsm abd 3 popes.
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Counter Reformation
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Renaissane Literature
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Renaissane Literature
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Renaissane Literature
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Chaucer
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was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin.
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Literature
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Dante
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Born in Tuscany, Italy, in 1265. Wrote poems using Tuscan form of Italian. People read his work so Tuscan became Italy's written language. Thought of today as the father of the Italian language. Greatest literature work: The Divine Comedy
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Literature
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Petrarch
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Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often popularly called the "Father of Humanism". Based on Petrarch's works, and to a lesser extent those of Dante Alighieri and Giovanni Boccaccio, Pietro Bembo in the 16th century created the model for the modern Italian language, later endorsed by the Accademia della Crusca. Petrarch is credited with developing the sonnet to a level of perfection that would be unsurpassed to this day and spreading its use to other European languages. His sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. Petrarch was also known for being one of the first people to call the Middle Ages the Dark Ages, although the negative connotation of that word, as we know it today, is largely the legacy of romantic literature.
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Literature
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Bocccaccio
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(1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist and the author of a number of notable works including the Decameron, On Famous Women, and his poetry in the Italian vernacular. Boccaccio is particularly notable for his dialogue, of which it has been said that it surpasses in verisimilitude that of just about all of his contemporaries, since they were medieval writers and often followed formulaic models for character and plot.
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Literature
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castiglion
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Italian diplomat, lived from 1478 to 1529.
Publishes The Book Of The Courtier in 1528, most famous book of the Remaissance. |
Literature
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Machiavelli
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a Florentine diplomat and historian. lived from about 1469-1527. In 1513 he worte the essay The Prince. He sought to describe government in the way it actually worked. Considered a humanist because he looked to the ancient Romans as models.
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Literature
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Pico
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(February 24, 1463 -November 17, 1494) was an Italian Renaissance philosopher. He is famed for the events of 1486, when at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy and magic against all comers, for which he wrote the famous Oration on the Dignity of Man which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance", and a key text of Renaissance humanism.
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Literature
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Crusades
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crusades and trade had brought them into contact with the Byzantine civilization, whos scholors had preserved Greek and Roman learning. over time, these and other factors helped to encourage curisoty abd the search for new knowledge amoung some italian thinkers.
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Causes of Reniassance
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Wycliffle
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mid-1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, lay preacher, translator and reformist. Wycliffe was an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. His followers are known as Lollards, a somewhat rebellious movement which preached a legalistic Gospel. He is considered the founder of the Lollard movement,a precursor to the Protestant Reformation (for this reason, he is sometimes called "The Morning Star of the Reformation"). He was one of the earliest opponents of papal authority influencing secular power.
Wycliffe was also an early advocate for translation of the Bible in the common tongue |
Protestant Reformation
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Hus
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(c. 1372 Husinec, Bohemia – 6 July 1415 Konstanz) was a Czech Catholic priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague. He was famous for being burned at the stake for his heretical views on the Church.
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Protestant Reformation
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Printing Press
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The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw-presses used to press cloth, grapes etc., and possibly to print woodcuts, which were printed in Europe before Gutenberg. Although both woodblock printing and movable type printing press technologies were already developed first in China, and Korea in East Asia several hundred years earlier, Gutenberg was the first in Western Europe to develop a printing press.
During the renaissance era, printing methods based on Gutenberg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world. It eventually replaced most versions of block printing, making it the most used format of modern movable type, until being superseded by the advent of offset printing. |
protesant Reformation
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Indulgences
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in Roman Catholic theology, is the full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven. The indulgence is granted by the church after the sinner has confessed and received absolution. The belief is that indulgences draw on the storehouse of merit acquired by Jesus' sacrifice and the virtues and penances of the saints. They are granted for specific good works and prayers.
Indulgences replaced the severe penances of the early church, or, to express it more exactly, they replaced the shortening of those penances that was allowed at the intercession of those imprisoned and those awaiting martyrdom for the faith. Indulgences, and the abuses that crept into granting them, were a major point of contention when Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation (1517). |
Protestant Reformation
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Leo X
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born in Florence (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. He was the last non-priest to be elected Pope. He is known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 theses. He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini. His cousin, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, would later succeed him as Pope Clement VII (1523–34).
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protestant Reformation
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Tetzel
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1465 – 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican preacher remembered for selling indulgences and for a couplet attributed to him, "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs." In 1517, Tetzel was trying to raise money for the ongoing construction of St. Peter's Basilica and it is believed that Martin Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time.
Tetzel was born in Pirna, Saxony, and studied theology and philosophy at the university of his native city. He entered the Dominican order in 1489, achieved some success as a preacher, and was in 1502 commissioned by the pope to preach the jubilee indulgence, which he did throughout his life. In 1509 he was made an inquisitor, and in 1517 Pope Leo X made him commissioner of indulgences for all Germany. |
Protestant Reformation
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Martin Luther
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1483 – 1546) initiated Protestantism, one of the major movements within Christianity. He was a German monk, theologian, university professor, priest, and church reformer whose ideas started the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western civilization. Wrote 95 thesis. His reformation began with his 95 Theses in 1517 against the claims of indulgence preachers that one could avoid God's punishment for sins by purchasing indulgences. Luther's refusal to retract his writings at the demand of the pope in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms meeting in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by Pope Leo X and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor.
His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture |
Protestant Reformation
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95 Thesis
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commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses, were written by Martin Luther in 1517 and are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism. Luther's popularity encouraged others to share their doubts about the Church and to protest against its ways; it especially challenged the teachings of the Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the Pope and the usefulness of indulgences. They sparked a theological debate that would result in the Reformation and the birth of the various Lutheran, Reformed, and Anabaptist denominations within Christianity.
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Protestant Reformation
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Diet of worms
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a general assembly of the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a small town on the Rhine river located in what is now Germany. It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with Emperor Charles V presiding. Although other issues were dealt with at the Diet of Worms, it is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.
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Protestant Reformation
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Lutherunism
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is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation. The reactions of governmental and churchly authorities to the international spread of his writings, beginning with the 95 Theses, divided Christianity.
The split between Lutherans and the Roman Church arose mainly over the doctrine of Justification before God. Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification "by grace alone through faith alone because of Christ alone," which contradicted the Roman view of "faith formed by love", or "faith and works". Unlike the Reformed Churches, Lutherans retain many of the liturgical practices and sacramental teachings of the pre-Reformation Church. Lutheran theology differs considerably from Reformed theology in a variety of ways, including Christology, the purpose of God's Law, divine grace, whether one is "once saved always saved," and predestination. |
Protestant Reformation
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John Calvin
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10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he suddenly broke from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1520s. After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where in 1536 he published the first edition of his seminal work Institutes of the Christian Religion.
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Protestant Reformation
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Instutes of the Christian Religion
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is John Calvin's seminal work on Protestant systematic theology. Highly influential in the Western world[1] and still widely read by theological students today, it was published in Latin in 1536 and in his native French in 1541, with the definitive editions appearing in 1559 (Latin) and in 1560 (French).
The book was written as an introductory textbook on the Protestant faith for those with some learning already and covered a broad range of theological topics from the doctrines of church and sacraments to justification by faith alone and Christian liberty, and it vigorously attacked the teachings of those Calvin considered unorthodox, particularly Roman Catholicism to which Calvin says he had been "strongly devoted" before his conversion to Protestantism. The over-arching theme of the book – and Calvin's greatest theological legacy – is the idea of God's total sovereignty, particularly in salvation and election.[1] The Institutes are a primary reference for the system of doctrine adopted by the Reformed churches, usually called Calvinism. |
Protestant reformation
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Calvinism
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is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. It was developed by several theologians, but it bears the name of the French reformer John Calvin because of his prominent influence on it and because of his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates throughout the 16th century. Today, this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of Calvin himself. The system is best known for its doctrines of predestination and total depravity.
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Protestant reformation
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English Reformation
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was the series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement which affected the practice of Christianity across the whole of Europe during this period. |
Protestant reformation
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Henry Vlll
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(11 November 1050–7 August 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century. His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy and several civil wars with pretenders to his throne in Italy and Germany.
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Protestant reformation
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Anne Bolyne
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was Queen of England as the second wife of King Henry VIII. She was also Marquess of Pembroke in her own right. Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation. The daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, Anne was of more noble birth than either Jane Seymour or Catherine Parr, two of Henry VIII's later wives, but less than her predecessor, Catherine of Aragon. She was educated in Europe, largely as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Claude of France. She returned to England in 1522.
In 1525, Henry VIII became enamoured of Anne and began his pursuit of her. Anne resisted the King's attempts to seduce her and refused to become his mistress, as her sister, Mary Boleyn, had done. It soon became the one absorbing object of the King's desires to secure an annulment from his wife, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry Anne. When it became clear that Pope Clement VII was unlikely to give Henry an annulment, the breaking of the power of the Roman Catholic Church in England began. |
Protestant reformation
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Act of Supremace
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granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy which is still the legal authority of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England.
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Protestant Reformation
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Elezabeth I
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was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed three years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her brother, Edward VI, cut her out of the succession. His will was set aside, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister, the Catholic Mary, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
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Protestant reformation
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The Papacy
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is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church[1] and head of state of Vatican City. The current (265th) pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in papal conclave.
The office of the pope is called the Papacy |
Causes of the Renaissance
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