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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Renaissance mean?
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French words meaning "rebirth" The Renaissance was a rebirth of classical knowledge (ideas and writing from Greek and Roman times).
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Where did the Renaissance begin?
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In the late 1300's (after the Black death) and was focused in the city of Florence. It was also in some rival trading cities like Venice and Genoa
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Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? (3)
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- Home of Roman Empire, great deal of classical knowledge there
- It was one of the first countries hit with the Plague aswell as one of the first to recover - Because of its location on the Mediterranean. . If new ideas were being spread through Europe, they were going to pass through Italy first. |
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How were the new ideas, inventions and philosophy of the Renaissance mainly spread?
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Through the growth of trade. The Silk Road.
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What is the Silk Road?
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An ancient trade route that connects China (known as “the orient”) with the Mediterranean Sea
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What 2 cities in Italy became very powerful from trading good along the Silk Road?
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Venice
Genoa |
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What were some goods traded on the Silk Road? (4)
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Silks and Fabrics
Spices (especially cinimmon) Paper Dyes |
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What was travel like on the Silk Road?
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- long trip (more than a year)
- Dangerous - Only small quantities could be carried at a time because it travel by camels. |
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What was the first European stop on the Road? Why was this helpful/useful?
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- Italy
- It gave them great wealth because the objects they got were in demand |
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Why was Paper so useful to people in the Renaissance?
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People needed a way to write and share what they were learning. With so many new ideas in art, literature, government and philosophy.
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What happened to good when they reached Italy from the east?
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they were distributed over a series of trade networks across Europe
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All of the trade routes on the Mediterranean were controlled by whom?
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Italy
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Who is the Hanseatic League?
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A group of cities who traded in the North
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Why was the Hanseatic League so useful and important to the Renaissance?
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It helped to spread new ideas beyond the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, to northern countries.
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Since Italy didn't want to divide into Kindoms and Manors, what did they divide into?
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City States
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What is a City State?
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A state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory. Each city state was run by a powerful family.
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What was the area around city states called?
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Hinterland
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What were benifits of the Hinterland?
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- Protected the City: created a buffer zone
- Full of people who would help defend the city if attacked - Contained farmland: able to provide own food products |
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What is Florence?
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A City State
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Who were city states run by?
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Powerful families
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Who was Florence run by?
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The Medicis
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Who were the Medici's?
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- family of bankers
- patrons of the art - spent a lot of money - commissioning new works of art. - Willing to tolerate new ideas that shocked society |
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Why did Florence attract artists?
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It had the World's first art school
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Who were artists comissioned by the Medici faimly? (4)
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Leonardo da Vinci
Brunelleschi Botticelli Michelangelo |
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who was Leonardo da Vinci?
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- first painter to use oil paints
- created work that was detailed and accurate - known as the "Renaissance Man" due to his many talents in art, architecture, science, math and design |
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who was Brunelleschi?
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- Built "The Dome" in Florence
- Invented the use of Linear Perspective in art - conqured the impossible (the dome) |
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who was botticelli?
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- young painter
- refused to paint religious subjects - painted classical tales of Greek Godesses ect. - one of the first to be commissioned by the Medici family |
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who was michelangelo?
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created "david"
painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the Pope (painted scenes that showed the creation of the world, as told by the bible) |
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Who were the 2 rival artists?
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Michelangelo and Da Vinci
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how did oil paints change art forever?
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a revolutionary technique that changed art forever due to their ability to show more realism and light in a painting
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What is Linear Perspective?
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a technique which creates depth by making objects in the distance smaller than those in the foreground.
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Who made "La Primavera" and why was it imporant art in the Renaissance?
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- Botticelli
- It was the first one to not include a Catholic/Religious subject. - It gave the people of the Renaissance a feeling of spring time/rebirth - About Greek and Roman gods |
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Who made "David" and why was it imporant art in the Renaissance?
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Michelangelo
- The bible has a story about a man (David) who defeats a giant with a sling shot. - created out of marble - gave people of Florence something to believe in. - They believe that with their art and culture, they were defeating the darkness that was casted upon Europe for so lond (The Dark Ages) - It helped them fell that they could stand up for what was right and fight against the church, even if they were only one person |
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Why was Brunellechi's Dome imporant art in the Renaissance?
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- It stands as a symbol of Florentine power and especially the power of the Medici family, who paid for it to be built.
- Brunelleschi achieved the impossible |
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Who were other important people of the Renaissance? (4)
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Galileo Galileo
Niccolo Macchiavelli Johannes Gutenburg Andreas Vesalius |
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Who was GALILEO GALILEO?
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- an astronomer
- he proved that the earth was not the center of the universe through heliocentric (sun-centered) galaxy. - He was charged with Heresy (going against the Catholic church) and he was never allowed to publish his ideas again in his lifetime - The Church forced him to take back his statement or else they would kill him/torture him. |
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Who was NICCOLO MACCHIAVELLI?
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- wrote political book "the Prince"
- his book was about a leader who should govern over people in the Renaissance - had a theory "It is better to be feared than to be loved" - he was seen as a father of modern politics - He showed people to use strategy as leaders, instead of just force and birthright. |
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Who was JOHANNES GUTENBURG?
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- Invented the first movable type printing press.
- This allowed books to be published 300 times faster than by hand - Helped to spread knowledge quicker around Europe (more copies, more places it goes) - This resulted in a literate public who were more interested in obtaining knowledge |
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who was ANDREAS VESALIUS?
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- studied anatomy
- wrote "On the Fabric of the Human Body" (it is about anatomy) - the book helped to dispel myths about disease and how the body worked - his book helped less people believed in dangerous practices like bloodletting (losing blood to cure a heal) - In his book he included hundreds of detailed drawings, which helped with procedures such as surgeries |
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Adreas, Galileo, Gutenburg, Macchiavelli all had something in common. What was it?
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They were all Humanists. Humanism was a way of thinking. These people believe that human beings are capable of great things
- They reject that the Christian bible should be used to guide people’s decision making and argue instead that we should be guided by our own morals and reasoning. |
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Who were 2 people that were against the Church?
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Martin Luther
Savonarola |
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Who was Savonarola?
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A monk who believed that the Renaissance was a sin, and tried to convince people to go back to the ways of the dark ages
- Held a bonfire called "The Bonfire of the Vanities". People were convinced to throw all of their art and luxury items into the fire. |
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Who was Martin Luther?
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- Posted a list of 99 things that he disliked about the church, called his "99 theses".
- This deeply angered the church. - was angry at the Catholic Church selling "indulgences" (tickets to heaven) - Started his own form of Christianity called "Protestantism" (based on the word "protest") - It became very popular in countries such as England, which is very protestant today. |
