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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Wycliff
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stated that the true head of the church was Jesus, the clergy shouldn't own land or wealth, the Bible alone is final authority
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Mary I
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"Bloody Mary" tried to restore Catholicism in England. daughter of Henry VIII Marries Philip II
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Philip II
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king of spain. tries to marry Elizabeth I after first wife dies and then tries to attack England once she refuses
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Galileo
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1st to use telescope to study the night sky, experiments with motion of objects (universal laws of physics)
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Anne Boleyn
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2nd wife of Henry VIII. disliked because she is believe to be a gold digger. Mother of Elizabeth I. beheaded
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John Calvin
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Calvinism. gives substance to protestant religion.
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Martin Luther
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Lutheranism. Salvation through faith alone. Bible is final authority. Anyone can be at Priest level.
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Jane Seymour
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3rd wife of Henry VIII. Son-edward. died during childbirth
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Johann Tetzel
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Sold indulgences
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Catherine of Aragon
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1st wife of HenryVIII. daughter-mary. parents were ferdinand and isabelle (kind & queen of spain)
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Thomas More
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jf
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Tycho Brahe
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carefully recorded the movements of the planets and stars for many years
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Johannes Kepler
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master mathematician. made mathematical sense of Brahe's observations. Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion (planets move in oval patterns, do not always travel at same speed). ideas challenged the church.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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earth is round. rotates on its axis. sun remains stationary. earth & other planets move around the sun
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Ptolemy
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150 CE. earth was the center of the universe. ideas were first to be questioned.
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Francis Bacon
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scientific method
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Rene Descartes
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mathematics was the perfect model for clear and certain knowledge
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Issac Newton
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explains & expands words of copernicus, galileo, & kepler. universal gravitation. developed calculus.
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Zwingli
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lead protestant movement in switzerland. salvation by faith alone. total break from catholic tradition. theocracy
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John Knox
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puts calvin's ideas to work in scotland.
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anabaptists
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only adults can decide to be baptized. church & state should be separate. denied local govt. viewed as radicals who threatened society. (later became amish)
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Edward VI
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became king at age 9. brought further protestant changes to England. son of Henry VIII
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Mary Stuart
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very catholic. rival to elizabeth (also cousin). overthrown & flees to england where she is beheaded after 20 years of living in palace & plotting against elizabeth.
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John Huss
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Bible is higher than the Pope. excommunicated in 1415 & burned at stake.
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Erasmus
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In Praise of Folly poked fun at greedy merchants and priests.
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Thomas Moore
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Utopia. a truly good society based on reason and mercy. Divorced Henry & Catherine of Aragon and married Henry and Anne Boleyn. burned at the stake by Mary (Catherine of Aragon's daughter)
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The institutes of the Christian Religion
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John Calvin. predestination. god directs everything in past, present, future.
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In Defense of Seven Sacraments
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Henry VIII. dedicated to Pope Leo X. "defender of faith"
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies earth is round, rotates on axis, sun is stationary, earth & other planets move around sun.
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Starry Messenger
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Galileo. substance of earth & stars. observations.
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A Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
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shows ideas of Copernicus and Ptolemy (as an attempt to be neutral). church forces galileo to recant many of his statements.
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Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
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Issac Newton. Calculus. Universal gravitation. expanded ideas.
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