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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the reformation? |
It was the protest against Christian churches and the set up of Protestant churches. |
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When was the reformation? |
During the sixteenth century |
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What were some common church abuses? (5) |
1. simony 2. nepotism 3. pluralism 4. absenteeism 5. selling of indulgences |
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simony |
When bishops or popes bribed people to elect them |
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nepotism |
When people were given important positions in the church because they were related to the priest/bishop/pope |
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pluralism |
When bishops were in charge of several dioceses or a priest several parishes. They did this so that they could get more tithes. As a result they often ended up neglecting their dioceses or parishes. |
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absenteeism |
When priests or bishops neglected their dioceses or parishes. Some people went months without mass because of absent priests. |
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selling of indulgences |
The idea that the more money a person donated to the church the more they reduced the time they spent in purgatory. This meant that rich people could practically buy their way into heaven. |
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what caused the reformation? (3) |
1. abuses in the church 2. the renaissance 3. the printing press |
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why was the renaissance a factor in the reformation? |
People started to think for themselves and question old ideas after the renaissance and people started critising faults in the church. Also, money paid to the pope in tithes by poor peasants were used to buy works of art during the renaissance and this angered some people. |
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Why was the printing press a factor in the reformation? |
Books could be made quicker and could spread new ideas faster. |
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People in history essay: Martin Luther - background info |
He was born in 1483 in Saxony, Germany. He was a monk and popular university professer in 1517 in the town of Wittenberg in Saxony. He married an ex-nun called Catherine von Bora. |
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Martin Luther - Reforming actions - Theses and anti-church
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One day, a friar named John Tetzel went to Wittenberg to collect indulgences for pope Leo X for the rebuilding of St.Peter's Basilica in Rome. He was furious about this and even more furious when he found that a local archbishop was pocketing half the money for himself. Luther wrote out 95 theses and pinned them to the church door in Wittenberg and preached anti-church in his uni classes. |
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Martin Luther - the papal bull
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In 1520 the pope issued a papal bull that warned Luther to abandon his ideas. Luther and some followers publicly burned the copy. The pope excommunicated Luther and declaring him a heretic. |
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Martin Luther - diet of worms
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Emperor Charles V (in charge of holy roman empire) called a meeting of german princes and Luther in a city called worms in 1521. Charles told Luther to give up his ideas and he refused. Charles then issued the edict of worms which declared that Luther was an outlaw and could be legally killed by anyone. |
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Martin Luther - Fredrick the Wise
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Fredrick was a local prince and he kidnapped Luther and kept him safe in his castle in Wartburg as he was in danger of being killed. Here Luther translated the bible into German |
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Confessions of Augsburg |
Luther wrote a book that detailed all the Lutheran beliefs and he called it the Confessions of Augsburg. |
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Martin Luther - The consequences of Luther
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Lutheranism spread rapidly in northern Germany and in Scandinavia. Some princes became Lutherans becauses they believed in the religion and others did it because in Lutheran the prince is in charge of the church. |
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Catholic beliefs(6) |
1. Faith in God and good works will save a person's soul 2. The bible and teachings of the church were religious truths 3. 7 sacrements 4. transubstantiation 5. pope is head of church on earth 6. priests can't marry |
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Lutheran beliefs(6) |
1. only faith in jesus will save a person's soul 2. religious truth can only be found in the bible 3. 2 sacrements baptiam + eucharist 4. consubstantiation 5. local prince/king ruled the church on earth 6. priest can marry |
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John Calvin - background info |
He was from northern France. He studied law and theology at the unis of Paris and Orleans. He read Luther's book and became a strict Protestant. He fled to Switzerland when the king of france started persecuting protestants in 1536.In the same year he published a book called Institutes of the Christian Religion which outlined his beliefs and some of luther's beliefs that he accepted. |
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Calvin beliefs(3) |
1.Predestination. The elect went to heaven and the damned went to hell 2. 1 sacrement baptism 3. ordinary people should run the church not popes or princes |
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Presbyterians |
the person elected in a parish to preach the word of god and administer baptism |
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Elders |
elected by the city council they were the moral police |
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Doctors |
teachers appointed to work in the city's schools |
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Deacons |
appointed to look after the poor |
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Calvin's rules in Geneva 'city of god' |
1. no card games, dancing or outrageous songs 2. dress plainly and modestly(grey+black) 3. theatres only held religious plays 4. no amusements or work on the sabbath when everyone ahd to attend a long reigious service 5. people who broke the law were severly punished 6. only few pubs were allowed sell alcohol and they had to have a copy of the bible in the pub 7. if you got drunk you were fined if they offened more than twice they were sent to the police |
