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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dead Word
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Thomas Muntzer theology - can only understand scripture if you are posessed by the Holy Spirit
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Serfdom
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when peasants sign a lease with the Lord, the lease says they cannot leave and sign another contract. if they don't sign, they wont get any land -> they wont make any money
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Hans Muller
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former soldiger, leader of peasant war in stuhlinhgen, where first relbellion happens in fall of 1524. they atteched lord, threw him out and started a p commune. at same time p's in nuremburg are refusing to pay taxes.
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Memmington
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city where p armies met to make 12 articles
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12 articles
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-right to their own ministers
-control of tithe -end of surfdom -catch their own fish -collect fire wood -excessive labor fees -labor service laws -reducing rent levels to reasonable -judge accorfing to old law -meadows and fields -death laws -use scripture to justify themselves |
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George Truchsess
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takes out peasant armies one by one
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Franconia
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Duke George of Saxony and Phillip of Hesse take out Franconia and execute Muntzer
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Diet of Speyer
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idea of "so the ruler, so the country" is introduced. Charles V sees this as potential problem
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Colloquy of Marbury
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Lutherans and Zwinglians discuss, agree on 14 articles, cant agree on Eucharist. Luther sees it as Spirit is there in bread/wine, but Zwig says that its just a symbol
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Imperial Deit of Augsburg
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1530, the Lutherans presented their Augsburg Confession (14 articles) to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Charles wants to reunite P and C because the Turks are coming to fight him, he needs a united empire. Malangthan argues for prots b/c Luther was banished. Campaggio encourages no compromise.
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Augsburg Confession
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ts principal author was Philipp Melanchthon, and it was presented to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg on June 25, 1530. Its purpose was to defend the Lutherans against misrepresentations of their teachings and to provide a statement of theology that Roman Catholics might accept. It consisted of 28 articles.
Started out as a document to appeal to moderate Catholics but became political. |
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Schmalkaldic League, 1531:
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After diet of augs, all who sign Augs confession become part of this league. POLITICS AND RELIGION UNITE!!
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Francis I of France
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Keeps Charles from doing anything about growth of prots.
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Philipp I of Hesse
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thought it was okay to be prot because he was married to a catholic that he didnt like -> Luther allowed him to be a paligamist.
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Istitues of Christian Religion
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By Calvin, written in 1534, he was 27. Revises, keeps getting bigger and bigger.
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Calvinist eucharist
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symbol, should happen weekly
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Fourfold Ministry
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Teachers, pastors, elders deacond The consistary
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Articles of Oranization of Geneva's Churches
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accepted into governemtn, but people refused to say the statement of faith. Pastors had the right to refused communion to people that did not deserve it, so that they would not pollute the eucharist. the city council wants him to change that, he refused and refuses to hold communion on Easter, gets asked to leave the city.
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Three methods of punishment for Calvinist Geneva
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Private admonistion - addressed by Calvin himself
Excommunication - cant take communion Secular authority - given to city for punishment, but usually the city did not act as fast as calvin wanted them to |
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"stupid names"
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names of catholic saints, banned by Calvin in 1546. controversy: family names
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Bon Genevoysiens
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Good Genevans
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Baptism Controversy 1546
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Minister baptized a baby Abraham, family got mad, government backed minister. Annonomyous notes left that threatened minister.
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Philibert Berthelier 1553
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Used to back Calvin, now does not. Called before consistory, they excommunicate him. IN 1553 he wants to take communion again, went to small council b/c wording was unclear on where to go, small council says its okay, Calvin finds out, says that if he takes communion he will leave town and close all churches.
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Purge in Geneva 1555
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Calvin kicked off 30 members of council and replaces them with immigrants, people roit. 15
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Act of Succession, 1544
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was first passed on March 23, 1534, whereby Parliament decided the heir to the Crown of England from the children of King Henry VIII. The Act made Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn, the true successor to the Crown by declaring Princess Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, a bastard. The Act also required all subjects, if commanded, to swear an oath to recognize this Act as well as the King's supremacy. Any one who refused to take an oath was subject to a charge of treason.
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Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector 1547-49
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On the death (1547) of Henry VIII Seymour gained custody of the young heir, Edward VI (who was Seymour's nephew) and was named protector of the realm by the council of regency. He managed to free himself from the restrictions of the council and wielded almost royal authority in effecting major Protestant reforms in the church and in relaxing such measures as the heresy and treason laws. He was ably seconded by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, and their efforts resulted in the adoption of the first Book of Common Prayer, whose use was required by an Act of Uniformity in 1549. he was convicted (1552) on a charge of felony and beheaded. This is when people are starting to come in contact with prot ideas
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Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Cantebury
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First Protestant archbishop of Canterbury. Educated at the University of Cambridge, he was ordained in 1523. He became involved in Henry VIII's negotiations with the pope over divorcing Catherine of Aragon. In 1533 Henry appointed him archbishop of Canterbury, putting him in a position to help overthrow papal supremacy in England. He annulled Henry's marriage to Catherine, supported his marriage to Anne Boleyn, and later helped him divorce her. After Henry's death in 1547, Cranmer became an influential adviser to the young Edward VI, moving England firmly in a Protestant direction. He wrote the Forty-two Articles, from which the Thirty-nine Articles of Anglican belief were derived. When the strongly anti-Protestant Mary I became queen, Cranmer was tried, convicted of heresy, and burned at the stake. Was supposrter of Lord's Supper as symbolic.
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Book of Common Prayer
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foundational text of church of england. 2 sacrements, edlimination of host, kept many ceremonial things to keep catholics happy, worded in such a way that the details were fuzzy, thus people were allowed to still hold Catholic Mass.
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John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland
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He made himself duke of Northumberland in 1551 and ordered Somerset's arrest and execution in 1552. He imposed strict conformity to Protestant doctrine in support of the Reformation. In 1553 he persuaded the dying Edward VI to will the crown to Northumberland's daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey; thwarted by supporters of Mary Tudor (Mary I), he was arrested and executed for treason.
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Forty-Two Articles, 1552
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The Forty-Two Articles are a summary of Anglican doctrine as written by Thomas Cranmer in 1552 and passed into law in 1553 by Edward VI. These were later adapted by a convocation of clergy under Elizabeth I to form the Thirty-Nine Articles in 1563. Reform document, Calvinist ideas minus all of the things Calvin enacted in Geneva to keep eucharist pure.
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Queen Mary 1553-1558
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Marched on London to take throne, Catholic.
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Reunion with Catholicism, 1554
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Mary's goal, gets an agreement with Rome in 1554, parliment said go with it.
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Merton Chapel
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account books show that chapel was transformed from prot to catholic...amount of money brought in after catholicism was huge
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Last wills and testaments
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Public lost belief in purgatory
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Marriage with Philip II, 1554
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prot rising against Mary when she was going to Mary Philip. she was te first real ruling queen, and if she got married they were afraid he would take over. She made it so they shared pretty much everything but she had more power than him, but he ended up leaving and coming back once. she was dissapointed
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Bloody Mary
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She excecuted over 200 prots, they were usually young and male. prots leave country, people think its okay to have more than one belief.
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Robert Joseph
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master of novices, he was confident that Catholicism would remain in the end. becomes a priest, follows common book of prayer, he always goes along with the changes.
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Elizabeth 1558
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Prot, wants to please people -> slowly brings in prot.
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act of supremacy 1559
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This was enacted by Queen Elizabeth I, the Protestant monarch after the Catholic Mary I. Anyone who took public or church office was forced to take the Oath of Supremacy, and there were penalties for violating that oath. However, Elizabeth, who was a politique, did not prosecute nonconformists, or those who did not follow the established rules of the Church of England, unless their actions directly undermined the authority of the English monarch, as was the case in the vestments controversy.
Elizabeth is supreme govoner of the church. |
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act of uniformity 1559
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set the order of prayer to be used in the English Book of Common Prayer. Every man had to go to church once a week or be fined 12 pence, which was a lot for the poor. With this act Elizabeth made it a legal obligation to go to church every Sunday. The 'Act of Uniformity' reinforced the Book of Common Prayer.
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Thirty-Nine Articles 1561
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Required to be sworn by bishops, compressed version of edwards articles.
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Injunctions, 1559
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specific instructions to chruches-get a copy of the Bible, use communion table or alter, destruction of images used as worship, can keep art work, to enforce this-125 royal visitors, 6 committes assigned to a circut of chuches. These people are more radical than the actual injunctions, make them have only communion tables, they would burn everything that wasnt supposed to be there. comepared to gevena, in geneva the people were burning, here the govt was.
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Northern Rebelion 1569
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against Elizabeth, led by two people. they marched south, elizabeth sent 7000 troops, they retreated to scotland. they excommunicated Elizabeth. dumb move because church encourages people to rebel and pick queen or church and everyone who picked church was considered treasonist, catholics forced undergroud, if they were found they were beheaded.
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Convocation of Clergy 1563
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radical prot proposed many things, eliminating distinctive dress etc, but it didnt fly, people do what they want, elizabeth suspends people.
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