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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Union of Utrecht |
treaty signed on January 23, 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain |
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King Henry VIII
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king of England from 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled. Catholic and made himself the supreme head of the Church |
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Catherine of Aragon |
Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; couldn't produce son with King Henry VII making him leave |
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Edward V
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King of England and Lord of Ireland upon the latter's death on 9 April 1483, Protestant ideas really mattered under his reign
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Charles V |
ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire from 1516, defender of Catholicism and started religious wars because of disapprovement of Protestant ideas, ended up abdicated in 1556 |
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Martin Luther |
German monk Protestant leader, started Protestant Reformation and stood up for his own beliefs against Catholic Church; salvation came from faith |
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Ulrich Zwingli |
Protestant leader, believed in ideas of the New Testament (A-Z)
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John Calvin |
Protestant leader, believed in predestination and that God is a higher power than all people (as if humans are tiny specs of sand)
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95 Theses |
Martin Luther posted this at the Wittenberg Castle Church talking about how indulgences are wrong |
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Protestant Reformation |
a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
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Catholic Reformation
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the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War
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Radicals
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individuals and groups that insisted on a more extensive break with prevailing ideas, in terms of theology and spiritual practices |
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Anti Baptizers
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“rebaptizers”, which were basically early Christians that had practiced adult baptism, but infant baptism became the norm which meant that adults undergoing baptism were repeating the ritual.
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Habsburg-Valois Wars
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series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, most of the major states of Western Europe. Caused by Charles V with his conflict against Protestantism
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Peace Of Augsburg
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a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg, granted liberty to and recognized Lutheranism
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Elizabeth Tudor |
Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603; wanted preaching of Protestant ideas, but she did not interfere with people’s privately held beliefs, therefore, she was respectful.
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English Monastries
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set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions. Although the policy was originally envisaged as increasing the regular income of the Crown, much former monastic property was sold off to fund Henry's military campaigns in the 1540s. He was given the authority to do this in England and Wales by the Act of Supremacy, passed by Parliament in 1534, which made him Supreme Head of the Church in England, thus separating England from Papal authority, and by the First Suppression Act (1536) and the Second Suppression Act (1539).
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Lutheranism |
major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, Lutherans believe that humans are saved from their sins by God's grace alone, through faith alone, on the basis of Scripture alone, spread in many parts of Europe, Germany |
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Calvinism
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based on John Calvin, believed in predestination and that God is a higher power than people and salvation comes through faith alone
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Predestination
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the belief where God decided who would be saved or not since the beginning of time.
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Teresa of Avila |
objective was to fight for God, even if she was a woman and was not allowed to teach. Some officials described her as a disobedient woman because she had gone against St. Paul’s commands. Some even questioned if she was working for the devil.
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The Ursuline Order of Nuns
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focused on the education of women, that was not as emphasized as before. The founder established the first women’s religious order on teaching young girls, with the goal of re-Christianizing society by training future wives and mothers. This recieved papal approval in 1565 and Ursulines spread rapidly to France and the New World.
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Spiritual Exercises
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Catholic teaching where people meditate and dispose the soul of all attachments and find the will of God in the soul
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Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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saw their mission as improving people’s spiritual condition rather than altering doctrine. Their goal was not to reform the church but to help people. Brought southern Germany and much of eastern Europe back to Catholicism.
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Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
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The occasion was the marriage ceremony of the king’s sister Margaret of Valois to the Protestant Henry of Navarre, the goal was to help reconcile Catholics and Huguenots. Instead, Huguenot wedding guests in Paris were massacred, and other Protestants were slaughtered by mobs. This massacre led to a civil war that dragged on for 15 years. Agriculture in many areas was destroyed; commercial life declined severely; and starvation and death haunted the land.
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Henry IV
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King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, helped settle Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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Edict of Nantes
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granted liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship to Huguenots in 150 fortified towns (1598)
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Puritans
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a numerous amount of returning exiles who wanted to change Catholic teachings, or basically, purify the church
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Nepotism
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given to the clergy for family members or relatives to be a part of no matter what
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Witchcraft |
people who made pacts with the Devil and rather used by the Devil to do what he wanted, not having magical forces. |
