The Protestant Reformation & The Catholic Counter Reformation

Front 1

Intended and Unintended Consequences

Back 1

• Weakening of Institutional Authority
• Elevation of Individual Conscience
• Advancement of Secularization

Front 2

Weakening of Institutional Authority

Back 2

Reformation weakened institutionalized church (Papacy)

Front 3

Elevation of Individual Conscience

Back 3

• Freedom of conscience
• non believers attracted??
• abhorrent to leaders of Protestant reformation ??

Front 4

Advancement of Secularization

Back 4

More secular--strengthens secular rulers
lawyers-use Roman law not canon law

Front 5

Religion and Church of Europe on the Eve of the Reformation

Back 5

• popular religion: concerned w/ salvation, buy indulgences, pray to saints, relics
• elite religion: higher ups use relics to protect selves, sell indulgences, religious practices to secure better fate in other life

Front 6

Functions of Late Medieval Church

Back 6

• major providers for charity, health care for poor, those that can read and write employed in book keeping
• bishops as chancellors to king

Front 7

church needed revenues

Back 7

• annual payment 1/10 of income to Church
• religious services, religious benefits (masses for the dead, indulgences/relics)
• collect money from
-rent of land
-breweries
-transportation businesses
-fisheries

Front 8

church taking too much money & abusing power

Back 8

• popes chosen were too young, too greedy
• church abused power, ex: Henry the 8th able to dissolve political marriages

Front 9

Precursors of the Reformation

Back 9

John Wycliff-condemned and burned
Jan Hus-built on wycliff's teachings, divine grace, augustine etc
• charged with heresy and burned

Front 10

Martin Luther

Back 10

95 theses
first leader to survive with Protestant reformation

Front 11

Diet in Worms

Back 11

• takes position on books written
• asked to repent & Luther says no
-defends true faith
-nationalism
• position ruled by conscience
-authority can't rule over conscience

Front 12

Principles of Protestantism

Back 12

• saved thru grace alone, faith alone, scripture alone
• diminishes importance of good works, sacramental and penitential system, church institutional authority
• free will and predestination=cannot coexist
• nature of the Eucharist (last supper ceremony)
-both commemoration(just a ceremony for Christ ??) and transubstantiation(what you eat becomes the body of Christ)

Front 13

Major influences of reformation

Back 13

• Roman church no longer unifying under one church/no national authority
• natural law-authorized by reason, not by God
• education
• charity-welfare state, taking care of poor and healthcare
• economy-mo more relig. authority control, decline in business laws, unfettered econ activity
• art and music-less religion based, protestant hymns in catholic hymns

Front 14

Peasant's War

Back 14

• peasants made a stand to voice demands
• reduce burdens and restore benefits to keep their flow of money local

Front 15

Counter Reformation

Back 15

• censorship
• Roman Inquisition
• Jesuit schools