The Progressive Movement

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Progressive movement

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What- A period of social and political activism that sought to purify the government.
When- 1890's- 1920's
Significance- Created a period of social betterment that helped to bring down the bosses of big business and crack down monopolies.

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John Dewey

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Who-An American educational reformer, psycologist, and philosopher.
When- October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952
Significance- He wsa an advocate for educational reform and for functional psychology.

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Scientific Management

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What- A metod of managing business that utilized the use of scientific methods to streamline production.
When- Progressive Era
Significance- Created a new way to manage business and also helped to create better efficiency in the workforce.

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Ida Tarbell

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Who- An American teacher and journalist, she was a leading muckracker.
When- November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944
Significance- Tarbell' s exposé fueled negative public sentiment against Standard Oil and was a contributing factor in the U.S. government's antitrust actions against the Standard Oil Trust Company.

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Seventeenth Amendment

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What- the amendment that required the direct election of United States senators.
When- April 8, 1913.
Significance- Bypassed earlier legislation that made senators be appointed by state delegations.

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Thoedore Roosevelt

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Who- The 26th persident of the United States, took office after President McKinley's assassination.
When- In ofice from September 1901- March 1909
Significance- He was a progressive that helped the attempts to remove big business from the United States.

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Trust Busting

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What- The act of bringing down big usiness inorder to remove monopolies and help to level the economic playing field.
When- The Progressive Era and President Theodore Roosevelt's term in office.
Significance- It brought down the giant monopolies of the United States and created a system of competition that helped to increse the quality of the product or service.

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Elkins Act

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What- Forbid railroad companies from offering rebates to customers and also punished companies that accepted the rebates.
When- Enacted in 1903 to ammend the Interstate Commerce Act.
Significance- Was a large attempt to help bring down extortion and big business, it also gave Thoedore Roosevelt a large popularity boost from the progressives.

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Hepburn Act

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What- Another ammendment to the Interstate Commerce Act that allowed the Federal Government to set maximum railroad rates.
When- Enacted in 1906
Significance- Took away the railroad companies' power to set their own prices and change it according to the customers.

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The Jungle

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What- A book written by Upton Sinclair that revealed the truth abouth the meat packing industrty of the United States and also showed the plight of the immigrant worker.
When- Written in 1906
Significance- Caused the meat packing industry to be regulated and improved for the sanitation of the workplace and the safety of its workers.

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Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

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What- A United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines.
When- enaced in 1906
Significance- Helped to reduce the likelihood of food borne illnesses and established a safe stream of medicine.

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Meat Inspection Act

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What- Made sure that meat was thoroughly inspected before reaching its consumers.
When- 1906
Significance- Was put into place to make sure that the fod supplying the United States would be safe for consumption

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Sixteenth Amendment

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What- allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.
When- ratified on February 3, 1913.
Significance- Was a step forward in the increasing power of the Federal Government

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Eugene V. Debs

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Who- was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World.
When- Established the IWW after a split between the Union and socialist parties in December 1911.
Significance- Was one of the leading figures in American Socialism and attempted to run for president ffrom the Socialist party, against the well established Republicans and Democrats.

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Federal Reserve Act (1914)

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What- created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender.
When- enacted December 23, 1913,
Significance- Created a central banking sytem that the United States desperately needed.

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Clayton Anti-Trust

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What- Suporting legislation to the Sherman Anti-trust act, it helped to discourage the cretaion of large, controlling trusts.
When- Enacted in 1914
Significance- The Clayton Act of 1914 reformed and emphasized certain concepts of the Sherman Act of 1890 that are still active today in a growing interconnected market and merging of the industries.

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Federal Trade Commission (1914)

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What- promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of what regulators perceive to be harmfully anti-competitive business practices.
When- Put into place in 1914\
Significance- Was another method used to remove big business and other things that would stagnate an economy.

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Niagara Movement

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What- A black civil rights movement group from the progressive era.
When- Established in 1905 by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter.
Significance- The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement as well as policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington.

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Booker T Washington

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Who- An African American writer, orator, and political leader, was a leading civil rights leader.
When- April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915
Significance- He was the last slave born African American leader of his time. He pushed the position of African Americans forward through his fund raisers for education and support from the community

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W.E. B Dubois

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Who- an intellectual leader in the United States as sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor.
When- head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910
Significance- Established the NAACP in 1910 to help Blacks in the United States

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NAACP

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What- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights group for African Americans
When- Founded in 1910 by W E B Du Bois
Significance- Was the leading civil rights group for African Americans throughout the progressive era

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Alice Paul

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Who- an American suffragette and activist.
When- January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977
Significance- She was a leading suffrage advocate and ultimately helped to bring about the creation of the nineteenth amendment in 1920

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Carrie Chapman Catt

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Who- another suffrage advocate and president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.
When- January 9, 1859 – March 9, 1947
Significance- Championed women's rights and helped to secure the Nineteenth Amendment

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19th Amendment

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What- An amendment to the constitution that guarantees the right to vote for any US citizen
When- ratified on August 18, 1920.
Significance- Gave an nondiscriminatory right to women to be able to vote in elections

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League Of Women Voters

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What- A group made to franchise women voters and to prove that they were able to do so effectively
When- Established by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920
Significance- It is a wide group that covers all 50 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and still exists to this day.