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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does the March of Progress view think the position of childhood has improved? |
Yes, it has been steadily improving in western society and it now the best it has ever been. |
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Name two sociologists that are supporters of the March of Progress view. |
1. Aries 2. Shorter |
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What does De Mause (1974) say about the history of childhood? |
It was a nightmare. |
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March of Progress: Give some example of the position of childhood improving. |
- Children are protected from hard an exploration. - £64billion is spent on education. - Babies have a better chance of survival. - Family is now child centred. |
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Give some example of the position of childhood improving. |
- Parents can prove more effectively. - Children are seen and heard, (victorian times). - Children are now a focal point and consulted on many decisions. - Society provides many leisure activities designed for children. |
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What dos Palmer (2007) mean by toxic childhood? |
The rapid growth of technologically and cultural changed have damaged physical, emotional and intellectual development, Example: junk food, computer games, long hours worked by parents. |
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What are some statistics for Palmer's (2007) toxic childhood? |
The UK has above average rates in international league tables for: - Obesity - Self-harm - Drug and alcohol abuse - Violence - Early sexual experience - Teenage pregnancies |
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In 2013 what was UK position in the UN for children's well-being, according to UNICEF? |
16th out of 29. |
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What two groups take a conflict view on the 'improved' position of children? |
1. Marxists 2. Feminists |
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What does a conflict view mean? |
Society is based on conflict. Between social groups, classes and gender, according to marxists and feminists. Some groups have more power, status and wealth. Like the Bourgeoisie or men. This conflict results in domination/subordination. |
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What does the March of Progress view ignore? |
1. It ignores the inequalities in children. How some today are uncared for and unprotected. 2. It ignores the inequalities between children and adults. As children are forced to be dependent on adults, and are controlled and oppressed. |
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What's one statistics to shows how different nationalities experience different childhoods? |
90% of low birth weighs are born in third world countries. |
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What example does Hillman (1993) give to shows that gender differences exist? |
Boys are more likely to be allowed to cross or cycle road, use buses or go out at night, than girls. |
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What did Bonke (1999) find girls do more of? |
Domestic labour, especially in lone parent families. 5 times more likely then boys to be exact. |
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What did Brannen (1994) find about ethnic difference in Asian families? |
He studied 15-16 year olds. He found that Asian parents were more likely to be more strict on their daughters than sons. |
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What did Bhatta (1999) find about ethnic difference? |
Izzat (family honour), could be very restrictive to girls. |
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Give 3 examples of class inequalities that can effect children. |
1. Poor mothers are likely yo have lot birth rates, leading to cognitive behaviour. 2. Unskilled manual workers are 3 times more likely to have hyperactive children. 3. Poor children are more likely to die in infancy. 4. Poor children are more likely to be shorter in hight. 4. Poor children are more likely to fall behind in school. 5. Poor children are more likely to be placed on the child protection register. |
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What do these examples of class inequalities that can effect children prove? |
Children are not really equal. |
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What does the March of Progress view saw about differences between children and adults? |
They can be good in protecting children from harm. |
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What does Firestone (1979) and Holt (1974) say about these passing laws? |
They are new forms of control. |
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What does Firestone (1979) say about protection from paid working why? |
It a form of inequality and not a benefit. As it makes children dependent and powerless. |
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What are the statistics on neglect and abuse? |
In 2013 there were 43,000 children on protection registers, at risk of harm, mainly from their own parents. Childlike has 20,000 calls a year, mainly about sexual and physical abuse. Showing children are victims. |
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Examples on the control over children's space? |
- Shops with signs saying no children. - Children told to play in some areas and not in others. - More surveillance for children. |
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What are the statistics on children being allowed to make their own way to school? |
For primary school children = 1971 - 86% 2010 - 25% |
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What did Cunningham (2007) say about "home habitat"?
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It has shrunk to one ninth of what it was 25 years ago. |
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What does Katz (1993) say about Sudanese children? |
They are able to roam freely within their village and several kilometres around it. |
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What age do Sudanese children work from? |
3 or 4. |
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How do adults control children's time? |
They control their child's daily routine, when they get up, when to eat, when to sleep. |
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How do adults control their child's personal growth? |
By saying whether an activity to too old or young for them. |
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How do adults control their child's body's? |
By saying how children sit, what to wear and such. As well as how their children touch their own body, with things like nose picking, and sucking their thumb. |
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How are children restricted from various resources? |
By not being able to earn their own wage. Or collect their own child benefits. |
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Why does Gittins (1998) say age patriarchy is? |
A term that describes the inequalities between adults and children. |
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Who usually had the age domination over the children in the past? |
The father, as he was the head of the household. |
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How does the father assert power as the head of house? |
Through violence over both wife and children. |
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What did Humpeys and Tiara (2002) find about a third of 200 women who left their relationships? What view does this support? |
They lest as their feared for their children lives. Supporting the view that patriarchy oppresses children as well. |
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Hockey and James (1993): What two strategies do children use to resist the status of childhood pushed on by adults? |
1. Acting up. By swearing, smoking, drinking alcohol or through underage sexual activity. 2. Acting down. By using a baby voice or demanding to be carried. |
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What are two criticisms of Gittins (1998) age patriarchy? |
- Control can be justified as children cannot make rational decisions alone. - Children are not powerless as they have act and laws for their benefit. |
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What is the ‘new sociology of childhood’? |
- By Mayall (2004). - It's dangerous to assume all children are passive. - It translates to an 'adultist' view that makes children look like as socialisation projects for adults to mould. - Children are not adults in the making. - Children are active agents who play a major part in creating their own childhood. |
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What does Smart (2011) about the child's point of view? |
The new approach aims to allow children to share their viewpoint. To study children you need to look at life from the child's perspective. |
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What does Mason and Tipper (2008) about the child's point of view? Give an example of this. |
Children create their own definitions on who is family. If they don't see their biological mother, they might call another caring women in their life mother. |
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What does Smart et al. (2001) about the child's point of view? Relating to divorce. |
Children with divorced parents actively tried to make the situation better. |
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What are the strengths of the child point of view? |
- It is able to explore a variety of different childhoods. - The approach draws attention to how children lack power. - The view is favoured by child liberationists. |
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What research methods do Children's point of view sociologist use? Explain. |
- Unstructured informal interviews. - This gets deep, rich data from a child's point of view. - This method would be approved of by interpretivist. |
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What are child liberationists? |
People who believe children need to be liberated. They will campaign for children's rights. |
