The Polymer Revolution

Front 1

Alcohols have the _____ functional group.

Back 1

Hydroxyl

Front 2

Ethers have the _____ functional group.

Back 2

Alkoxy

Front 3

Alcohols with more than one functional group are called:

Back 3

Polyhydric.

Front 4

Water forms _ hydrogen bonds.

Back 4

2

Front 5

Alcohols have what kind of intermolecular bond?

Back 5

Hydrogen bonding. Permanent dipole - permanent dipole.

Front 6

Secondary alcohol groups oxidise to form _____ groups.

Back 6

Carbonyl. C double bond O. Forms a KETONE

Front 7

Alcohols become _____ soluble as you increase chain length.

Back 7

Less.

Front 8

Carbonyl group structure:

Back 8

Similar to an carboxylic acid, but in the centre of a chain; CH double bond O

Front 9

Primary alcohols:

Back 9

Have the OH on the terminal carbon of a carbon chain. The carbon is attached to one other.

Front 10

Secondary alcohols:

Back 10

Have the OH group bonded to a carbon somewhere in the middle of a chain. The carbon is attached to to others.

Front 11

Tertiary alcohols:

Back 11

Have the OH group bonded to a central carbon. The carbon is bonded to three others.

Front 12

Primary alcohols are oxidised to:

Back 12

Aldehydes. (Then carboxylic acids)

Front 13

Aldehydes are oxidised to:

Back 13

Carboxylic acids.

Front 14

Aldehyde nomenclature:

Back 14

Suffix -al

Front 15

Tertiary alcohols are oxidised to:

Back 15

Nothing. They do not oxidise.

Front 16

Ketone nomenclature:

Back 16

Suffix -one

Front 17

Alcohols are usually oxidised by:

Back 17

Heating with acidified solutions of potassium dichromate(VI) K2Cr2O2

Front 18

Aldehydes and ketones both contain:

Back 18

A carbonyl group.

Front 19

The difference between an aldehyde and a ketone is:

Back 19

The position of the functional group. Aldehydes have it on the end, ketones in the middle of a chain.

Front 20

The dehydration of an alcohol produces:

Back 20

An alkene and water

Front 21

Dehydration of alcohols is what type of reaction?

Back 21

Elimination.

Front 22

Dehydration of alcohols is done by:

Back 22

An alcohol vapour being passed over a hot alumina catalyst (Al2O3) at 300 degrees.

Front 23

Are ethers less or more polar than alcohols?

Back 23

Less.

Front 24

Of comparable alcohols and ethers, which is more soluble in water and why?

Back 24

Alcohols as they form hydrogen bonds more readily and dissolve better thus. More polar.

Front 25

Alkene + halogen addition reaction:

Back 25

Front 26

Alkene + halogen reaction:

Back 26

Electrophilic addition.

Front 27

Alkenes enter ______ reactions because of:

Back 27

Electrophilic addition. The region of negative charge a double bond represents.

Front 28

One can easily test for an alkene by:

Back 28

Shaking with bromine water. The bromine will decolourise.

Front 29

Alkene electrophilic reactions include: (4)

Back 29

Reactions with bromine and halogens, reactions with hydrogen bromide (and other hydrogen-halides) to form halogenoalkanes, reactions with water (to form alcohols, HYDRATION), reaction with hydrogen (to form alkanes, HYDROGENATION).

Front 30

The addition of water to a alkene is a:

Back 30

Electrophilic addition, specifically hydration.

Front 31

Conditions for the hydration of an alkene:

Back 31

phosphoric acid cat. adsorbed onto silica and steam - heated under pressure.

Front 32

Conditions for the hydrogenation of an alkene:

Back 32

Platinum catalyst (room temperature & pressure) or nickel (finely powdered, 150 degrees, five atmospheres.)

Front 33

What kind of energy does infrared radiation confer to molecules?

Back 33

Vibrational.

Front 34

The leftmost, complex region of an IR spectrum is called:

Back 34

The fingerprint region

Front 35

What kind of energy does infrared radiation confer to molecules?

Back 35

Vibrational.

Front 36

Fibres:

Back 36

Strong linear polymers that can form threads.

Front 37

Chain length increase makes a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 37

Stronger.

Front 38

Charges side groups make a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 38

Stronger.

Front 39

Branching makes a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 39

Weaker

Front 40

The leftmost, complex region of an IR spectrum is called:

Back 40

The fingerprint region

Front 41

What properties to plasticisers confer?

Back 41

Flexibility, lowers melting point.

Front 42

What properties do cross-links confer?

Back 42

Greater strength and rigidity, higher melting points (often thermoset)

Front 43

What properties do lots of crystalline regions confer to a polymer?

Back 43

Lower flexibility, higher strength.

Front 44

One can force crystalline regions to occur in fibres by:

Back 44

Cold-drawing, forming a neck.

Front 45

A co-polymer is formed by:

Back 45

Repeating units of different types. (Different types of monomers)

Front 46

Condensation polymerisation produces:

Back 46

A polymer and some small molecules (often water or HCl)

Front 47

Elastomers:

Back 47

Soft, springy, flexible, stretchy (but return to original shape)

Front 48

Plastics:

Back 48

Experience plastic deformation, solid.

Front 49

Stereoregularity makes a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 49

Stronger.

Front 50

Cross-linking makes a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 50

Stronger.

Front 51

Plasticisers makes a polymer weaker or stronger?

Back 51

Weaker.

Front 52

A thermoplastic polymer:

Back 52

Has few or no cross links, and can be melted and reformed.

Front 53

Thermoset polymers:

Back 53

Have extensive cross-linking, cannot be melted, char instead.