The Philippine Insurrection To Prohibition

Front 1

The Philippine Insurrection: Overview

Back 1

1899-1902 (peak years) - Lasted longer than whole Spanish-American War.

Catalyst: After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. decided to control the Philippines which it received from Spain in exchange for money.

Debate over what the U.S. was doing: imperialism v. anti-imperialism.

U.S. won and took control, but later gave independence to the Philippines in 1946.

Front 2

The Philippine Insurrection: Warfare

Back 2

Emilio Aguinaldo, the first Philippine president, introduced guerilla warfare.

Atrocities from both sides:

Filipinos buried Americans alive, roasted them alive, etc.

Americans killed thousands of women and children, and used a torture technique called "Water Cure."

Front 3

The Philippine Insurrection: Warfare Pt. II

Back 3

General 'Howling Jake" Smith: kill, burn, take no prisoners, and kill everyone over the age of 10 on the island of Samar.

General Arthur McArthur: studied asian cultures and languages and was able to convince some guerrillas to join the side of the U.S. through "carrots and sticks" - reward and punishment.

Front 4

The Philippine Insurrection: Warfare Pt. III

Back 4

William H. Taft was governor of the Philippine territory and turned Filipinos against guerrillas. He made the insurrection a battle of Filipino v. Filipino.

Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston through a ruse. The insurrection died down and eventually ended.

Front 5

Progressivism

Back 5

Movement dominated by white, Protestant educated elitists who believed that human progress could be achieved by reforming the political, economic, and social realms.

Improve the human condition: from barbarity to civility, from poverty to less poverty, etc.

Women's suffrage, national health insurance program, outlaw of child labor...

Front 6

Theodore Roosevelt's Foreign Policy

Back 6

Believed in a very assertive role for the U.S., should be a world power and let the world know it was a world power.

The Panama Canal.

Ended war between Japan and Russia. Secret deal: stop fighting Russia and we will give you Korea but do not touch China, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

Front 7

The 1912 Presidential Election

Back 7

Woodrow Wilson ( D ) v. Taft ( R ) v. Roosevelt ( P )

T.R. was nominated by the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party.

Late in the campaign T.R. arrived in Milwaukee to give a speech and was shot. Bullet entered his chest and would have killed him but in the pocket of his suit coat he was carrying a very thick manuscript of his speech and his glasses case. He continued speech and bullet was never removed.

T.R. split Republican vote (highest vote for a third-party candidate) and Wilson won.

Front 8

Progressive, Prohibitionists, and the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments

Back 8

Progressives and prohibitionists supported these amendments.

Front 9

America's Entry into World War I

Back 9

Two Main Causes:

Germany reneged on its Sussex pledge and resumed unrestricted submarine warfare - attacking all foreign ships no matter if non-combatants. Seen as an atrocity by U.S.

Britain intercepted and decoded Germany's Zimmerman Telegram in which Germany asked Mexico to enter the war against the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany.

Front 10

America's Role and Participation in World War I

Back 10

America was the deciding factor in the war. It fought against Germany and Germany lost.

Hitler, who played a small role in WWI, stated Germany would have won if America hadn't entered.

Front 11

The Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Senate

Back 11

The Treaty of Versailles went to the senate where fear it could bind the sovereignty and powers of the U.S. in matters of war caused it to die.

Front 12

Alice Paul and Women's Suffrage

Back 12

Started in 1910. Leader of the movement.

Wanted all women to have the right to vote in all states.

Went over to England to study, saw how women were treated more equally and came back and started her movement in the U.S.

Front 13

The Scopes "Monkey Trial"

Back 13

1925 in Tennessee. John Scopes, a teacher, taught evolution one day in a public school. He was afterwards put on trial for the teaching of evolution.

The trial involved two lawyers:

Clarence Darrow ( D )

William Jennings Bryan ( P )

Bryan died shortly after the trial.

Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, but the trial was labeled a mistrial because the judge had no authority to issue a fine over $50 without jury assessment.

Front 14

Forced Sterilization in the U.S.

Back 14

Based on eugenics. State level, not federal.

Margaret Sanger: Mother of the American Birth Control Movement.

"No woman shall have a legal right to bear a child without a permit."

Carrie Buck v. Bell (1927.) Buck was first to be sterilized.

After WWII, forced sterilization died down.

1907 - 1981 = 60,000 American citizens forcibly sterilized. 20,000+ in California.

Front 15

The Klu Klux Klan in the 1920s

Back 15

Died and then was reborn in the 1920s and reached its peak (5+ million) in the 1920s.

Differences from original:

Not only anti-black, but also anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic and not limited to the South: Oregon, Indiana, etc.

Leo Frank, a Jew, was found guilty by a black man's testimony and was given death but it was changed to life in prison by the governor of Georgia. He was lynched by a mob of KKK members and supporters.

Front 16

Immigration Laws in the 1920s

Back 16

Congress passed laws that sharply limited the number and type of European immigrants that would be allowed in to the country with Northern Europeans beings favored over Southern Europeans; also, Asians were completely banned from coming to the U.S., thus breaking the "Gentlemen's Agreement*."

*Theodore Roosevelt made the "Gentlemen's Agreement" with the Japanese: if Japanese students wanted to come with student visas and then go back to Japan they would be allowed to immigrate.

* Remained in place until the 1960s

Front 17

The Effects of Prohibition

Back 17

Alcohol consumption went down sharply.*

More productivity, less vehicle crashes, etc.

*It wasn't until the 1970s that alcohol consumption matched figures before prohibition.

Front 18

Exceptions to Prohibition

Back 18

Cider and homemade wine (up to 200 gallons a year.)

Alcohol used in Catholic, Jewish, and Eastern Orthodox services.

Alcohol prescribed for medicinal purposes.

Alcohol intended for industrial uses.