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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What route is intraocular?
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parenteral
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What route is intranasal?
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parenteral
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What route is buccal?
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enteral
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What route is sublingual?
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enteral
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What route is dermal?
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parenteral
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What route is inhalation?
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parenteral
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What route is oral?
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enteral
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What route is intravenous?
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parenteral
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What route is intradermal?
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parenteral
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What route is rectal?
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enteral
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What route is vaginal?
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parenteral
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What route is subcutaneous?
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parenteral
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What route is intramuscular?
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parenteral
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What does enteric coating do for a drug?
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It prevents the drug from being degraded by the stomach acid.
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What is a tincture?
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An alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of nonvolatile substances.
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Why would a drug be administered via the rectum?
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Either for a local effect or to avoid degradation caused by oral administration.
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What would be the needle guage and length for a drug administered intravenously?
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guage 16-20, length 1-1.5"
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What would be the needle guage and length for a drug administered intramuscularly?
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guage 19-22, length 1-1.5"
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What would be the needle guage and length for a drug administered subcutaneously?
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guage 24-27, length 3/8-1"
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What would be the needle guage and length for a drug administered intradermally?
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guage 25-26, length 3/8"
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How long does it take for a drug that is administered intravenously to circulate thru the body?
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20 seconds
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What are colloids?
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particles up to a hundred times smaller than those in suspensions, but are also suspended in a solution
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What are the 2 types of emulsions?
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oil-in-water and water-in-oil
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How deep is a typical Z-track injection?
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2-3 inches
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What are the lacrimal canalicula?
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the tear ducts
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What is the conjunctiva?
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the eyelid lining
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What is the transcorneal transport?
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drug transfer into the eye
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What is the capacity of the adult nasal cavity?
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about 20 mL
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How would a drug that was administered intranasally cause a systemic effect?
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amounts of the drug were swallowed
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What are 3 ways that an intranasal dosage is lost?`
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enzymes in the mucosa metabolize certain drugs, normal mucous flow removes drug, and amounts of the drug are swallowed
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What is the critical factor with aerosol dosage forms?
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particle size
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What size particles in aerosol doses hit the back of the mouth and are eventually swallowed instead of inhaled?
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20 micron particles
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What size particles in aerosol doses reach the bronchioles?
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particles from 1-10 microns
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What size particles in aerosol doses penetrate to the alveolar sacs?
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0.6 micron particles
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What percentage of a person's weight does the skin account for?
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about 17%
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What is the major disadvantage of dermal administration?
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the amount of drug that can be absorbed will be limited to about 2 mg/day
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What is the general thickness of the skin?
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3-5 mm
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What is the stratum corneum?
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The outer layer of epidermis
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What is the turnover time from cell development to shedding of the dead cells for the stratum corneum?
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about 21 days
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What is an ointment?
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drugs that have been incorporated into a base
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What is a cream?
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semisolid emulsions that are less viscous and lighter in texture than ointments, also disappear with rubbing
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What is a gel?
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a dispersion of solid drugs in a jelly-like vehicle
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What is a lotion?
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suspensions of solid drugs in an aqueous vehicle
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What is a collodion?
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a liquid preparation of pyroxylin dissolved in a solvent mixture of alcohol and ether
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What is pyroxylin?
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looks like raw cotton and is slowly but completely soluble in the solvent mixture
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What is a liniment?
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an alcoholic or oleaginous solution generally applied by rubbing
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What is TSS?
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Toxic Shock Syndrome, rare and potentially fatal disease that results from a severa bacterial infection of the blood
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What is the Progestasert IUD?
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intrauterine device that releases about 60 mcg of progesterone per day for 1 yr
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What is the ParaGard?
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an IUD that releases copper ions to prevent contraception and has been shown to be effective for several years
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Needles sizes of ____ are commonly used for intravenous injections.
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16 G - 20 G
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Needles for intramuscular injections are generally ____G and ____ inches long.
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19-22, 1-1.5
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Which ophthalmic formulation will maintain the drug in contact with the eye the longest? solution, suspension, gel, or ointment
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ointment
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What is a slurry?
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a thin, semi-fluid suspension of a solid in a liquid
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How long do most gelling agents require to reach maximum viscosity and clarity?
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12-24 hrs
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What concentrations of gelling agents are typically used?
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0.5% - 10%
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