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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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The Overview- What elements of the separate groups will be discussed? |
a) location in the periodic table b) physical properties/trends in groups c) Chemical properties d) Tests e) Manufacture f) uses |
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Describe the overview content of the Group I metals. |
a) Group I is located in the first vertical column of the periodic table. b) - Soft, and becomes softer down the group - Fairly low melting and boiling points that decrease down the group - General increase in density down the group, with sodium upsetting the pattern c) - The reactivity increases as the elements progress down the group d) Alkali metals can be identified using the flame test. A metal loop is dipped into an unknown solution and then placed into a burning flame. The colour change of the flame would indicate the metal, for example, lithium would turn the flame red and sodium would turn the flame orange. e) Group I metals can only be manufactured by electrolysis. f) Sodium is used in the making of table salt. Potassium is used in fertilisers and dyes Lithium and rubidium are added into fireworks
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Describe the overview content of Group 7 halogens. |
a) Group seven is the seventh column on the periodic table. b) Halogens are poisonous non-metals with low melting and boiling points that increase down the group, meaning that their state changes from gas to solids down the table too. The colour of the elements get increasingly darker, and all halogens have diatomic molecules. c)The reactivity of halogens decrease down the table, where an element displaces the element behind. d) The anion test can test for the existence of chloride, bromide and iodide anions, using silver nitrate. When halide ions react with silver nitrate, a silver halide precipitate is produced since they are insoluble in water. The colour of the solution changes according to the silver halide- white for chloride, cream for bromide, pale yellow for iodide. e) Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of brine. Hydrogen is produced at the cathode and chlorine at the anode, with sodium hydroxide also produces as a byproduct. f) Halogens are mostly used in sterilising products, such as chlorine in bleach, bromine in pesticides and iodide in iodine which sterilises wounds. |
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Describe the overview content for transition metals. |
a) Transition metals are a big group of 30+ in the middle of the periodic table. b) Transition metals have all the basic metallic properties: good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, lustrous and sonourous. They have high melting and boiling points, high densities, and are stronger than Group I metals. c) Transition metals have more than one oxidation state, meaning variable valencies. They also form coloured compounds and complex ions, and are good catalysts since they are also highly unreactive metals, reacting only with steam. d) We can test for transition metal ions by adding sodium hydroxide to a solution containing transition metal ions. A hydroxide precipitate would be formed in the solution, and the colour produced can indicate the specific metal. Copper is blue, Fe(II) is green, Fe(III) is orange-brown. e)Transition metals can only be manufactured by either electrolysis or reacting with carbon. Transition metal carbonate normally undergo thermal decomposition to separate into individual oxides. f) Transition metals consist a lot of metals, and many have different uses. Some typical ones are: - Nickel as a catalyst in the production of margarine - Copper in electric cables and water pipes - Iron is typically in tools and building materials - Titanium are used to build aeroplane bodies |
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Describe A) B) C) F) of overview content for Group 8 noble gases. |
a) Group 8 is the last column in the periodic table. b) Noble gases are colourless non-metals. Their density and boiling points both increase down the group. c) Noble gases have a full electron shell, meaning they are monatomic and unreactive elements. f) The uses of noble gases mostly rely on their unreactive nature. - Helium is used in weather balloons since it is very light - Neon is used in advertising signs since it shines when a voltage is passed through - Argon is used as an inert atmosphere during titanium extraction since it prevents oxidation - Krypton is used for laser eye surgery - Xenon is used in bright lights used in places such as surgery rooms |
