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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syncranium
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cranial skeleton or skull
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Neurocranium
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braincase
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Splanchnocranium
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Gill of branchial arches
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ethmoid region
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snout
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Syncranium
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cranial skeleton or skull
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Neurocranium
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braincase
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Splanchnocranium
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Gill of branchial arches
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ethmoid region
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snout
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Amphistylic
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Primitive Sharks. The paleoquadrate articulates with/ neurocranium at three points:
- ethmoid region anteriorly via an ethmoid process - by a postorbital articulation - by a relatively small hyomandibula |
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Hyostylic
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palatoquadrate is suspended by an enlarged hyomandibula. Both jaws move (like elbows)
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Orbitostylic
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palatoquadrate is suspended by an enlarged hyomandibula and a sliding orbital articulation via an orbital process between the palatoquadrate and basitrabecular process of the neurocranium
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Euhyostylic
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Batoids. Jaws are suspended solely by the hyomandibulae and lack ligamentous connections between the palatoquadrate and the cranium
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Autodiastylic
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Euchondrocephalans. Palatoquadrate articulates with ethmoid region and basitrabecular process
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Holostylic
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Holocephalans. Palatoquadrate is fused to the base of the neurocranium epibranchial of second branchial arch not modified as hyomandibula
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Somatic muscular system
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epaxial- above
hypaxial- below (including hypobrancial muscles) |
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Intrinsic muscles of the branchial arches
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Branchialmeric
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1st gill arch
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mandible
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2nd gill arch
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hyoid
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1st gill slit
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spiracle
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The _____ are the main upper elements of the gill arches.
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epibranchials
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Hyomandibula (= hyomandibular)
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the upper (epal) main element of the hyoid arch.
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Hyoid Arch
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the second hypothetical ancestral gill arch, from which derives the hyomandibula and other elements of the splanchnocranium.
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Palatoquadrate
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The primitive upper jaw formed from the hypothetical mandibular arch
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supporting pharyngeal slits
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splanchnocranium
branchial visceral gill skeleton |
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Somatic muscular system
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epaxial- above
hypaxial- below (including hypobrancial muscles) |
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Intrinsic muscles of the branchial arches
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Branchialmeric
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1st gill arch
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mandible
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2nd gill arch
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hyoid
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1st gill slit
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spiracle
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The _____ are the main upper elements of the gill arches.
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epibranchials
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Hyomandibula (= hyomandibular)
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the upper (epal) main element of the hyoid arch.
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Hyoid Arch
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the second hypothetical ancestral gill arch, from which derives the hyomandibula and other elements of the splanchnocranium.
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Palatoquadrate
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The primitive upper jaw formed from the hypothetical mandibular arch
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supporting pharyngeal slits
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splanchnocranium
branchial visceral gill skeleton |
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acoustico lateralis
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organ of inner ear
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myocepta
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connective tissue
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original use of pharyngeal slits
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filter feeding (acorn worm)
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modern use of phayngeal slits
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respiration
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Synapomorphies of all chordates
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-Pharyngeal slits
-dorsal hollow nerve cord -thyroid -post-anal tail -notochord |
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In chordates, phaynrx is perforated by
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pharyngeal slits
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Large, yolked, _____ eggs.
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macrolecithal
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Male sex organs called
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claspers
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The two key diagnostic synapomorphies of the Chondricthys are:
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- Prismatic endoskeletal mineralization
- Presence of pelvic claspers |
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Ancestral chondricthys had teeth with three cusps presumably formed by fusion of three dermal tooth like structures called _______.
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odontodes
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Teeth usually not fused to jaw elements, replaced serially
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protacrodont
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The ______ mode of mineralizing endoskeletal tissues peripherally is the
critical defining character of the group |
tesserate
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Mineralization occurs by deposition of ______, or, _______ crystals called ______.
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calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, tessarae
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