Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What are the functions of the False Pelvis?
|
It's bounded by Iliac Wings & Supports Intestines.
|
|
|
|
List the 4 bones of the Pelvic Girdle.
|
Sacrum
Coccyx 2 Innominate bones Acetabulum (hip bone): Ilium, Ishium, & pubic bone |
|
|
|
What's another name for the "True Pelvis"?
|
"Lesser Pelvis"
|
|
|
|
What are functions of the Female Pelvis?
|
Weight bearing bridge
Directs pathway for fetal head Protects organs of reproduction |
|
|
|
What's another name for "The greater Pelvis" and is it above or below the imaginary plane?
|
False Pelvis: It's above the imaginary plane
|
|
|
|
What is another name for the female pelvis & how many bones is it composed of?
|
"Osseous Pelvis" or Pelvic Girdle
It's made up of 4 bones. |
|
|
|
List the 4 Pelvic Ligaments.
|
Cardinal Ligament
Broad (lateral) Sacro-Uterine Ligament Round Ligament |
|
|
|
What bones form the posterior wall of the pelvis?
|
Tailbone or "Sacrum & Coccyx"
|
|
|
|
Which pelvic ligament provides bilateral support for the uterus? Is like bilateral wings for uterus?
|
Broad (lateral) ligament
|
|
|
|
Which pelvic ligament attaches the broad ligament to the ovary?
|
Mesovarium
|
|
|
|
What is the "lesser ligament" and list its function/location?
|
Cardinal Ligament: Primary support for the uterus, located in the lower part of the uterus.
|
|
|
|
Which pelvic ligament is located anterior to the tubes, btwn the layers of the broad ligament, & give anterior support to the uterus?
|
Round ligament
|
|
|
|
Which pelvic ligament surrounds tubes, ovaries, blood vessels and nerves?
|
Broad ligament
|
|
|
|
Which ligament attaches the uterus to the pelvic sidewall?
|
Broad (lateral) ligament
|
|
|
|
What is the primary support for the uterus at the vagina level?
|
Cardinal LIgament
|
|
|
|
List the 3 Abdominopelvic Muscles.
(includes abd & false pelvic muscles) |
Rectus Abdominus, Psoas Major, & Iliacus.
|
|
|
|
Which muscle merges with the Psoas Major Muscle to form the Pelvic Sidewall
|
Iliacus Muscle
|
|
|
|
What are the "Hammock" muscles and what muscles form this?
|
Levator Ani Muscles:
Coccygeus, Ileococcygeus, & Pubococcygeus. |
|
|
|
Which pelvic muscle forms the anterior abd/pelvic wall?
|
Rectus Abdominus
|
|
|
|
This True pelvis muscle is found along the pelvic sidewall, is posterior/lateral in position, & originates at the sacrum inserting into Femur.
|
Piriformis - one of hammock muscles.
|
|
|
|
What is a triangular muscle that forms the lateral wall of the pelvis, is seen with Cephalic Angulation, & is often mistaken for ovaries transversly?
|
OIMS: Obturator Internus Muscle
|
|
|
|
Which pelvic muscle forms the Anterior & lateral pelvic wall?
|
Psoas Major Muscle
|
|
|
|
What 3 vessels make up the Pelvic Vasculature?
|
Common Iliac Arteries (IIA),
Uterine Arteries Ovarian (gonadal) Arteries |
|
|
|
What accessory organ is surrounded by the "Internal Urethral Sphincter" and allows for urine excretion?
|
The Urethra
|
|
|
|
What inserts posterior to the bladder wall?
|
Ureters
|
|
|
|
What is the muscular tube extending from the cervix to the external opening of the vagina?
|
The Vagina
|
|
|
|
List the functions of the bladder.
|
To collect & store urine emptying through the urethra.
|
|
|
|
List the 3 layers of the bladder wall.
|
Epithelial, Muscularis, & Mucosal
|
|
|
|
Blood supply to the pelvic cavity primarily through this artery.
|
IIA: Common/Internal Iliac Arteries
|
|
|
|
What is a saclike structure that lies btwn the Vagina & Pubic Symphasis?
|
Urinary Bladder
|
|
|
|
List the 3 main Pelvic Organs.
|
Urinary Bladder, Uterus, & Vagina.
|
|
|
|
Blood supply to the uterus, vagina, & cervix & originates at the IIA. Usually can't see due to gas.
|
Uterine Arteries
|
|
|
|
Blood supply to the ovaries & merges with the uterine artery.
|
Ovarian (gonadal) arteries
|
|
|
|
What type muscles is the Vagina composed of?
|
Smooth & elastic muscle
|
|
|
|
Anterior to the rectum, posterior to pubic bone, bladder, & Urethra.
|
Vagina
|
|
|
|
List the 2 regions of the Vagina.
|
Anterior & Posterior Fornix
(anterior & posterior to internal cervix) |
|
|
|
A pear-shaped organ suspended by ligaments & covered by peritoneum.
(also has alot of Arcuate arteries, very vascular) |
The Uterus
|
|
|
|
Is the Uterus in the True Pelvis or False Pelvis?
|
True Pelvis
|
|
|
|
What are the 4 sections of the Uterus?
|
Fundus, Body, Isthmus (LUS), & Cervix.
|
|
|
|
Size varies, Smooth outer contour.
|
The Uterus
|
|
|
|
bordered anteriorly by the bladder, & Posteriorly by the Colon/Rectum.
|
The Uterus
|
|
|
|
What is the size of the Uterus?
|
7x5x2cm, 1.2cm in full term preg.;
PreMenarche: 3cm (length), Cervix 2/3 uterine length. Menarche: 8cm (length) Menopause: 3.5-5.5cm (length) |
|
|
|
What are the 4 positions of the Uterus.
|
Anteverted, Anteflexed, Retroverted, & Retroflexed.
|
|
|
|
Posterior to bladder; Anchored to bladder by parametrium.
|
Cervix
|
|
|
|
Distal to uterus; continuous with Vaginal Canal from cervix.
|
External Os of cervix
|
|
|
|
Another name for Corpus.
|
Body of uterus
(largest part of the Uterus) |
|
|
|
Superior Aspect of the uterus above the insertion of the tubes
|
Fundus of Uterus
|
|
|
|
Is measured to test for pre-term delivery
|
Cervix
|
|
|
|
Proximal to Uterus, continuous with uterine cavity
|
Internal Os of Cervix
|
|
|
|
This part of the uterus contains the endometrium, widest part of the cervix, and the narrowest part of the cervix.
|
Body or Corpus
|
|
|
|
What is the most common position of the uterus where the uterus and cervix form a 90 degree angle to the vagina anteriorly?
|
Anteverted
|
|
|
|
What is the opening from the uterine cavity to the Fallopian Tubes?
|
Cornu
|
|
|
|
Located in uterus where it narrows between the body and cervix.
|
Isthmus Transition
|
|
|
|
The bending posteriorly of the body of the uterus towards the cervix but the cervix is in a normal position.
|
Retroflexed
|
|
|
|
Tilting forward of both the Uterus & Cervix; bending of an organ, Angulation or curvature of the cervix is seen.
|
Anteflexed Uterus
|
|
|
|
With this position of the uterus you can visualize "dropout Phenomenon" simulating a fibroid.
|
Retroverted Uterus
|
|
|
|
This layer of the uterus has the Zona Functionalis & basilis.
|
Endometrium
(Mucous layer) |
|
|
|
What are the 3 layers of the Uterus?
|
Endometrium (Mucous Layer)
Myometrium (Muscularis)Perimetrium (Serosa Layer) |
|
|
|
Forward tipping of the uterus, not bent.
|
Anteverted Uterus
|
|
|
|
Tipping of the entire uterus posteriorly & cannot visualize the endometrium TAS very well.
|
Retroverted UTerus.
|
|
|
|
This layer of the uterus forms 3 pouches or potential spaces.. what are they?
|
Vesico Uterine Pouch (Anterior cul-de-sac),
Recto-Uterine Pouch (Poster cds), Space of Rezius (potential space for fluid to collect) |
|
|
|
Extends into the fallopian tubes varying btwn 1-7mm in a menarchal uterus.
|
Endometrium
|
|
|
|
Continous with the fallopian tubes, vagina, ovarian, & round ligaments, contains arcuate arteries, is contractile, and the bulk of the uterus.
|
Myometrium
|
|
|
|
Inner layer in Endometrium that varies in thickness as cycle runs and is expelled each month.
|
Zona Functionalis.
|
|
|
|
Oval or almond shaped intraperitoneal organs
|
Ovaries
|
|
|
|
Inner layer of the Ovary that contains vessels/connective tissue.
|
Stroma or Medulla
|
|
|
|
What are microscopic egg sacs that develop to produce 1 single egg?
|
Follicles
|
|
|
|
Outer layer of Endometrium that stays the same not changing with the cycle. It has a white outer rim.
|
Zona Basilis
|
|
|
|
Pelvic organ that is medial to the IIA & anterior to the ureters?
|
Ovaries
|
|
|
|
What is "Waldeyer Epithelium"?
|
Cortex of the ovaries
(outer layer of ovaries that contain follicles) |
|
|
|
The outermost peritoneal covering of the uterus which encases the fundus and most of the uterine body.
|
Perimetrium or Serosal layer of Uterus.
|
|
|
|
What's the only organ of the pelvis NOT covered by peritoneum?
|
The ovary
(nude ovary,. it's suspended in peritoneal cavity but has no lining) |
|
|
|
What are the size of maturing follicles in women of childbearing age?
|
<10-15mm
|
|
|
|
What's a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?
|
Mesovarium
(the blood supply is provided by the ovarian artery) |
|
|
|
What are the size of mature follicles in women of childbearing age?
|
18-25mm
|
|
|
|
What has dimensions 4cm x 2cmx 1cm and varies with the menstrual cycle?
(volume measurement may be taken) |
Ovaries
|
|
|
|
What are the size of immature follicles in women of childbearing age?
|
<10mm
|
|
|
|
a.k.a. "Reproductive Cell"?
|
Ovum or Oocyte
|
|
|
|
How many mm a day should the dominant follicle grow and how large will it get by ovulation?
|
2mm per day to reach 2.0 to 2.5cm in size
|
|
|
|
How many mature follicles are released each cycle?
|
1
|
|
|
|
Name 3 functions of the Ovary.
|
To produce an Ovum, To produce hormones that prepare the uterus for implantation or fertilized egg, Development of Mammary glands.
|
|
|
|
What kind of hormone injections help hormones to release the egg from the ovary?
|
Projesterone Injections
|
|
|
|
What size follicle is a dominant follicle that becomes the Corpus Luteum?
|
>11mm
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the follicle that is destined to ovulate?
|
Graafian Follicle
("The dominant Follicle") |
|
|
|
What ovarian hormone is secreted by the Corpus Luteum?
|
Progesterone
|
|
|
|
What hormone released by the follicles in the ovary increase as you ovulate & decrease after ovulation?
|
Estrogen
|
|
|
|
Trumpet shaped open end of the tube into the peritoneal cavity, adjacent to ovary.
|
Infundibulum
|
|
|
|
An ectopic is usually implanted here and is less then 1cm long.
|
Intramural or Interstitial part of fallopian tube.
|
|
|
|
Part of f.tube that is 2cm long.
|
Isthmus
|
|
|
|
Extends from the Cornua of uterus laterally to the ovary.
|
Fallopian Tubes
|
|
|
|
The fallopian tubes are covered with what and how are they seen on ultrasound?
|
F.Tubes are covered with peritoneum and are seen on u/s only if hydro-, pyo-, and hematoSalpinx.
|
|
|
|
List the 4 regions of the fallopian tubes.
|
Intramural (Interstitial), Isthmus, Ampulla, Infundibulum.
|
|
|
|
When the ovaries become stress depreived what does this cause the ovaries to do?
|
Become smaller/denser,
loss of folliculogenesis, More difficult to see on u/s. |
|
|
|
Narrowest part of tube where it passes into the uterine wall?
|
Intramural or Interstitial
|
|
|
|
8-14cm in length, 1-4mm in diameter
|
Size of Fallopian Tubes
|
|
|
|
What are the 3 layers of the fallopian tube?
|
Serosal, Muscularis, Mucosal
|
|
|
|
Another name for Cornis?
|
Horn
|
|
|
|
Another name for Collis?
|
Cervix
|
|
|
|
What causes Cervical Stenosis?
|
Radiation, Old age, scar tissue
|
|
|
|
What uterine malformation causes mild indentation of uterine fundus?
|
Arcuate Uterus
|
|
|
|
"trapped blood" in uterus in postmenopausal & preteens. Cervix cannot open.
|
Hematometra
|
|
|
|
2 seperate uterine cavities with extra tissue on the myometrium & highest incidence of fertility problems.
|
Subseptate or septate Uterus
(normal uterine contour, no cleft) |
|
|
|
A birth defect when the uterine cervix is closed or absent & may or may not have a vagina?
|
Cervical Atrasia
|
|
|
|
Complete duplication of uterus
|
Didelphic Uterus
|
|
|
|
A collection of watery or mucoid fluid in the uterus.
|
Hematometra
|
|
|
|
Cigar shaped uterus deviated to 1 side that's related to infertility; the cervix gives out from weight of the uterus.
|
Unicornate Uterus
|
|
|
|
What causes Hematometra?
|
Cervical Stenosis & Imperforate Hymen
|
|
|
|
Fluid trapped in the vaginal canal with septum-like closures.
|
Hematocolpos
|
|
|
|
Normal uterine size seen externally but internally very narrow, irreg endo contour.
|
T-shaped uterus
|
|
|
|
Born without a uterus?
|
Uterine Agenesis
|
|
|
|
What are 4 vaginal anomolies?
|
Vaginal Atresia, Septa, duplication, Hermaphroditism, and Precocious Puberty.
|
|
|
|
a.k.a "fundal cleft" "heart shaped" uterus. Fundus dips down into abnormal shape.
|
Bicornuate uterus
|
(related to infertility)
creates abnormal outer shape to uterus. Allows top of uterus to fuse with cervix. |
|
|
a.k.a. "Hermaphroditism" thats caused by "congenital adrenal hyperplasia"
|
Ambiguous Genitalia
|
|
|
|
How is vaginal atresia diagnosed?
|
hydrocolpos, hydrometrocolpos, & hematometrocolpos
|
|
|
|
What occurs with ovulation b4 age 8, caused by problems with the pituitary or hypothalamus?
|
Precocious Puberty
|
|
|
|
The pituitary gland releases what hormones & what days of the cycle?
|
FSH & LH
(days 8-14) |
|
|
|
What does Estrogen cause to occur during Menstruation?
|
Proliferation of endometrium, secretion of mucous near ovulation, breast growth, female body contour, libido, bone growth, heart health.
|
|
|
|
What hormones are stimulated by the Hypothalamus for the Endocrine Cycle?
|
FSHRF & LHRF
(days 1-7, starts the cycle) |
|
|
|
When is the 3-line sign evident in the endometrium?
|
Just before ovulation in the late proliferative phase.
|
|
|
|
What are the 2 ovarian phases of the Menstrual cycle?
|
Follicular & Luteal
|
|
|
|
What hormones are released by the ovaries in the menstrual cycle?
|
Estrogen & Progesterone
(days 15-28, after ovulation) |
|
|
|
Why is Progesterone needed in the menstrual cycle?
|
Secreted by the Corpus Luteum, prepares the endo- for implantation of the fertilized egg, cervical/vaginal mucus, increases body temp.
|
|
|
|
What hormone causes ovulation,. or maturation of follicle & Ovum?
|
LH
|
|
|
|
What stimulates follicular growth causing estrogen levels to rise?
|
FSH
|
|
|
|
What does the term Luteinization mean?
|
Formation of Corpus Luteum (yellow body)
|
|
