The New Deal

Front 1

The public dislike for Hoover

Back 1

'In Hoover we trusted, now we are busted!' This was a regular saying that people had.

Needless to say, Hoover lost the 1932 election due to widespread poverty and was replaced by the Democratic leader, Franklin D Roosevelt, who aimed to tackle the Depression.

Front 2

The New President Roosevelt

Back 2

The Presidential election campaign of November 1932 took place against the backdrop of the most severe economic depression in American history.

While Republican President Herbert Hoover was personally blamed for failing to deal with the consequences of the Wall Street Crash of October 1929, the Democratic candidate, Franklin D Roosevelt promised, "A new deal for the American people."

Front 3

The Start of his Presidency

Back 3

As he entered the White House, the scale of the problem he faced was immense. By the winter of 1932-1933, the country seemed to have reached rock bottom.

Roosevelt's personal solution, the New Deal was the largest, most expensive government programme in the history of the American presidency.

Front 4

The New Deal

Back 4

The Pychological Support

1.Roosevelt skilfully used his inaugural address to reassure the American people that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror".

2.Fireside chats - in March 1933, about 60 million Americans gathered around their radios to be told in a warm tone - ""I can assure you that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress"".

3.Stabilised the banking system - with the banking system in crisis, the president declared a nationwide bank holiday to allow time for people to regain their nerve. The Emergency Banking Relief Bill brought all banks under federal control. All banks considered solvent were allowed to reopen under licence. Roosevelt had given the banking system much needed time and space to avoid panic.

Front 5

The New Deal (Cont.)

Back 5

Roosevelt started up what was know as The Alphabet Agencies. They were specific groups of people who helped specific people in need. Some of which were...

1.The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - responsible for flood control, building dams and constructing new towns.

2.The National Recovery Administration - this agency negotiated with the major industries to create fair prices, wages and working hours.

3.The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) - aimed at reducing farm production and boosting farm prices.

4.The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - offered short-term work to young men on conservation projects.

5.The Public Works Administration (PWA) - constructed schools, hospitals and other public buildings.

Front 6

The Second New Deal

Back 6

Although Roosevelt restored hope and staved off the collapse of the banking system, the problem of unemployment was more difficult and at the start of 1934 there was still 11.3 million people out of work.

With the 1936 presidential election on the horizon, the New Deal began to change direction. Some historians have interpreted the change by saying there were two New Deals - the first dealing with the immediate emergency of 1933-34 and the second, which emerged in 1935-1936, offering more radical, reforming policies

Front 7

The policies of the Second New Deal

Back 7

The 1st New Deal Didn't deal with unemployment very well, but to save America's economy, so the Second New Deal aimed to change America.

The Works Progress Administration - this agency employed people to build schools, hospitals and other public buildings.

The Rural Electrification Administration - this agency aimed to bring electricity to America's farms.

The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) - this act aimed to improve relations between workers and employers, especially as 1934 had seen a series of violent industrial disputes.

Front 8

The Critics.

Oh yes, there's no getting away from them.

Back 8

There were many critics of the New Deal's and Roosevelt (as you can see...)

1.Conservative opponents said Roosevelt had spent too much government money.

2.The wealthy businessmen behind the American Liberty League argued that by increasing taxation and encouraging the development of the trade union movement, Roosevelt had betrayed his own class (Roosevelt was from a very wealthy family).

3.Many ordinary people began writing letters saying things like this one from a man in California - "you are multi-millionaires, what do you care for the masses of the people?".

Front 9

More form the critics

Oh, go away for once would you?

Back 9

4.Huey Long - the Governor of Louisiana, known as The Kingfish, launched the Share our Wealth campaign in which personal fortunes of more than $3 million would be redistributed to ordinary citizens.

5.Father Charles Coughlin - a Canadian priest - broadcast popular sermons on the CBS network, promising to nationalise the banks.

6.Dr Francis Townsend planned to boost the economy by raising pensions for the over 60s - in return, they would spend $200 a month to increase demand for consumer goods.

Front 10

There all done :)

Mwhaha critics, Adios!

Back 10

Hope I helped out you guys and your exams go well

Rate me so I know if I helped :)