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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Muscle Fibres |
3 Types of Fibres -Slow Twitch (Type I) -Fast Twitch (Type IIa) - Fast Oxidative -Fast Twitch (Type IIb) - Fast Glycotic |
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Speed Of Contraction |
Type I - Slow Type IIa - Fast Type IIb - Fast |
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Force Of Contraction |
Type I - Low Type IIa - High Type IIb - High |
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Resistance To Fatigue |
Type I - High Type IIa- Low/Moderate Type IIb - Low |
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Aerobic Capacity |
Type I - High Type IIa - Low/Moderate Type IIb - Low |
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Anaerobic Capacity |
Type I - Low Type IIa - High Type IIb - High |
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Mitochondrial Density |
Type I - High Type IIa - Low/Moderate Type IIb - Low |
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Capillary Density |
Type I - High Type IIa - Low/Moderate Type IIb - Low |
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Myoglobin Density |
Type I - High Type IIa - Low/Moderate Type IIb - Low |
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PC Stores |
Type I - Low Type IIa - High Type IIb - High |
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Motor Neurone Size |
Type I - Small Type IIa - Large Type IIb - Large |
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Suited Activities |
Type I - Endurance Events - Marathon Type IIa - High Intensity Endurance - 1500m Type IIb - Highly explosive - 100m |
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Other Factors That Affect Success |
- Training - VO2 max - Commitment/ Dedication - Necessary Support - Coaches/Family |
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Effect Of Endurance Training On Muscle Fibres |
- Greatest effect on Slow Twitch fibres. - Increased Mitochondrial Density - Myoglobin levels increase - Denser capillary network - Improve Aerobic Capacity - Higher resistance to fatigue |
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Effects of Anaerobic/Strength Training on muscle fibres |
- Greatest effect on Fast Twitch fibres - Hypertrophy of muscles - Increased PC Stores - Increased Contraction Power |
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Motor Units |
- Motor Units consist of a nerve and the fibres that are attached to the nerve. - A single motor neurone will control between 15 and 2000 muscle fibres |
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Characteristics Of Motor Units |
1) They're different sizes 2) All fibres in a motor unit are the same type 3) The all or none law - All the fibres in a motor unit contract at the same time, they're all contracted or all relaxed. |
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Controlling Muscle Contraction Force - Spa tail Summation |
- Varying size of motor unit - big unit/ more force - Number of motor units - lots = more force - Varying types of motor Units - Fast Twitch = more force |
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Controlling Muscular Contraction Force - Wave Summation |
- Frequency of impulse - Wave impulses become more frequent, the muscle fibre doesn't have time to relax fully therefore producing a more powerful Contraction, the most powerful being tetanic. - Tetanic Contraction means the impulses are so close together the muscle fibres can't relax, producing the most powerful Contraction. |
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Ensuring the correct amount of force is used. |
1) As the muscle contracts, the proprioceptors detect changes in the muscle, such as the speed of the Contraction and it's changing length. 2) The proprioceptors then send this info to the medulla where it's compared with memories and past experiences that are stored in the long term memory to ensure that the correct amount of force is used. |
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PNF - Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation |
- Advanced stretching technique. - Considered one of the most effective forms of flexibility training for increasing range of motion. |
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PNF - Method |
- With partner, Passive stretch 1) Stretch target muscle to limit 2) Isometrically contract target muscle for 10 secs. 3) Relax target muscle. 4) Restretch Target muscle. Will be an increase in range of movement. |
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PNF - How it works |
PNF activates two different proprioceptors which send info to the CNS. |
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PNF proprioceptors - Muscle Spindles |
- Muscle Spindles detect tension in muscles. 1) When target muscle is stretched, Spindles detect increased tension 2) If muscle is stretched too far then it sends an impulse to CNS to make it contract. - This response is called the stretch reflex - Role is too prevent injury. |
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Golgi Tendon Organs |
- Detect Tension in muscles/tendons 1) When the target muscle is contracted Isometrically during the second part of PNF the golgi tendons detect the rise in PNF. 2) The CNS inhibits impulses being sent to the muscle. 3) This causes the muscle to relax - Response is called autogenic inhibition - It overrides the stretch reflex |
