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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the two divisions of the nervous system? |
Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system |
CNS & PNS |
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What does the central nervous system consist of? |
The brain and spinal cord |
B & S |
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What does the Peripheral nervous system consist of? |
Cranial and spinal nerves |
Nerves |
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? |
12 pairs |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
31 pairs |
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What are the functions of the central nervous system? |
Integrative function: interneurons analyse and store sensory information in the form of memories and makes decisions regarding appropriate responses |
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What are the functions of the Peripheral nervous system? |
Sensory and motor functions: sensory receptors sense changes in the internal/external environment and sensory neurons conduct sensory impulses from receptors into the CNS Motor function: respond to stimuli by initiating action. Motor neurons conduct motor impulses from the CNS to the effectors. |
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What are sensory receptors? |
Sensory receptors pick up stimuli in the internal/external environment. |
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What are interneurons? |
Interneurons store and analyse information and generate responses to stimuli |
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What are effectors? |
Effectors are muscles or glands that negate stimuli. |
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What are motor neurons? |
Motor neurons are neurons that send responses to effectors to negate stimuli |
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What are the 2 types of nervous tissue? |
Neurons and neuroglia |
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What are the features of neurons? |
Conduct nerve impulses, electrically excitable, connect all regions of the body to the brain and spinal cord through generation and conduction of nerve impulses |
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What are the features of neuroglia? |
Support, nourish, insulate and protect neurons. They are smaller but significantly more numerous than neurons |
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How do neurons communicate? |
The axon terminals of one neuron stimulate the dendrites of the next neuron using neurotransmitters |
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Definition of a nerve? |
A bundle of axons, connective tissue and blood vessels located in the PNS |
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Definition of a tract? |
A bundle of axons in the CNS having the same origin, termination and function |
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What are 4 types of neuroglial cells? |
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia & ependymal |
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Functions of astrocytes? |
Physically support, brace and anchor neurons, help to create the blood-brain barrier & maintain chemical environment for generation of nerve impulses |
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Function of oligodendrocytes? |
Form and maintain myelin sheath around axons |
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Function of microglia? |
Function as phagocytes within the CNS |
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Function of ependymal cells? |
Help to produce cerebrospinal fluid |
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What are Schwann cells? |
Cells that wrap themselves around the axons of neurons to form a lipid/protein cover that surrounds and electrically insulates the axon of a PNS neuron, this increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction |
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What is grey matter? |
Consists of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and neuroglia |
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What is white matter? |
Primarily consists of myelinated axons |
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