The Nervous System

Front 1

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

Back 1

1.Reception

2.Integration

3.Response

Front 2

Define Reception:

Back 2

-Sensory Receptors

-Nervous system detects changes in our surrounding environment + changes our insides

Front 3

Define Integration

Back 3

-W/in the central nervous system

-interpret + intergrate sensory input + store information as memory to produce thoughts

Front 4

Define Response:

Back 4

-Respond to sensory input by initiating muscular contractions of glandular secretion

Front 5

Name the 2 cells found in the nervous system:

Back 5

1. Neurons

2. Neuroglia (glial cells)

Front 6

Define Neurons

Back 6

-typically the largest cells

-are the structural functional unit of the nervous system

Front 7

Define Neuroglia cells

Back 7

-aka glial cells

-Cells provide support and protection for the neuron.

Front 8

Back 8

Front 9

Typical Neuron Structure : 7 parts

Back 9

1. Cell Body

2. Dendrite

3. Axon hillock

4. Axon

5. Synaptic Knob

6 Nucleus

7 Myelin sheath

Front 10

Neuron Structure: Define Cell body

Back 10

contains nucleus and cellular organells

Front 11

Neuron Structure: Define Dendrite:

Back 11

Multiple branching process that recieve impulses from other neurons

Front 12

Neuron Structure: Define Axon hillock

Back 12

Region where axon leaves the cell body

Front 13

Neuron Structure: Define Axon:

Back 13

Single large process that sends impulses away from the cell body to another neuron or effector organ

Front 14

Neuron Structure: Synaptic knob

Back 14

Swelling at the end of an axon that forms a synapse with another neuron or effector organ.

Front 15

Neuron Structure: Define Myelin sheath

Back 15

Neuroglia cell that wraps itself around the axon in many circular layers

-insulates the axon and provides a faster transmission of an impulse.

Front 16

Myelinated fibers VS Unmyelinated fibers

Back 16

Myelinated Fibers

-Axon wrapped by myelin sheath

-insulates and provides a FASTER transmission of an impulse

Unmyelinated Fibers

-Axons w/out a myelin sheath

-slower transmission of an impulse

Front 17

Neurons Classified two ways:

Back 17

1. by funtion

2.# of processes (dendrites and axons) they poses

Front 18

What are the 3 types of function of a neuron?

Back 18

1. Sensory (afferent) neurons

2. Interneurons (association) neurons

3. Motor (efferent) neurons

Front 19

Define Sensory (afferent) neurons:

Back 19

Conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors located in the body to the central nervous system.

Front 20

Define Interneurons (association) neurons:

Back 20

-Act as a relay station for an impulse from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another.

-Majority of neurons in the central nervous system are interneurons

Front 21

Define Motor (efferent) neurons:

Back 21

Conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles or glands)

Front 22

Question 1:

How would you categorize a neuron that deliversa message from a sensory receptor to the brain or spinal cord?

Back 22

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Front 23

Question 2:

How would you categorize a neuron that is sending messages back and forth from different area of the brain or spinal cord?

Back 23

Interneurons (association) neurons

Front 24

Question 3:

How would you categorize a neuron that is sending a message to a muscle?

Back 24

Motor (efferent) neuron

Front 25

Classification of Neurons: # of processes...

4 types...

Back 25

1. Multipolar neurons

2. Bipolar neuron

3. Unipolar neuron

4. Anaxonic

Front 26

Define Multipolar neuron:

Back 26

•Contain typically one axon and mutipledendrites

-Make up 99% of nerve cells, including motor neurons and interneurons

Front 27

Define Bipolar neuron

Back 27

•Contain one axon and one dendrite.

-Mainlyspecialized sensory neurons

Front 28

Define Unipolar neuron

Back 28

•Contain only one cell process thatdivides into two branches.

-Typically make up some sensory neurons

Front 29

Define Anaxonic neuron

Back 29

Means “no axon”; contains only dendrites

Front 30

Type of Neuron?

Names of each neuron?

Back 30

Type: Mulitipolar neuron

(left to right)

1. Motor neuron

2. Pyramidal neuron

3. Purkinje cell

Front 31

Type of Neuron?

Name each neuron?

Back 31

Type: Bipolar Neuron

(left to right)

1. Retinal neuron

2. Oflactory neuron

Front 32

Type of neuron?

Name of neuron

Back 32

Type: Unipolar neuron

Name: Touch and pain sensory neuron

Front 33

Type of neuron?

Name of cell?

Back 33

Type: Anaxonic neuron

Name: Amacrine cell

Front 34

Nervous tissue is classified into 2 areas on the gross anatomy level:

Back 34

White matter and gray matter

Front 35

White matter

Back 35

•consists mainly of myelinatedaxons

-Bundles of white matter:

--- •Tracts – in the central nervous system(brain and spinal cord)

--- •Nerves – in the peripheral nervous system

Front 36

Gray matter

Back 36

•consists mainly of neuron cell bodies,dendrites, and unmyelinatedaxons

-Bundles of gray matter:

----- •Nuclei – in the center nervous system

------•Ganglia – in the peripheral nervoussystem

Front 37

Name each part of the picture

Back 37

1. Longitudinal fissure

2. White matter

3. Grey matter (cerebral cortex)

4. White Matter

5. Gray Matter

Front 38

Organization of the Nervous System: (2)

Back 38

1. Central nervous system (CNS)

2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 39

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 39

-Control center

- Consists of the: BrainandSpinal cordSup

- Sensory information is delivered to theCNS and interpreted

- produces all motor impulses going to muscles or glands

Front 40

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 40

-Consists of Nerves thatconnect the brain and spinal cord to muscles, glands, and receptors

- Cranialnerves: nerves that are connected to the brain

-Spinalnerves: nerves that are connected to the brain

Both cranial and spinal nerves can send impulses from receptors to CNS. From the CNS to muscles or glands

Front 41

PNS is diveded into two function, it is dived into what two subdivisions:

Back 41

1. Sensory Division

2. Motor division

Front 42

Sensory division:

Back 42

Consistof sensory neurons that send impulses from receptors in the body to the CNS tobe interpreted.

Front 43

3 different receptor of senory division

Back 43

-Somatic sensory receptors:Detect general sensations (touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and bodyposition) in the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

-Visceral sensory receptors:Detect sensations in the internal organs

-Special sensory receptors:Detect special sensations (smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium)

Front 44

Motor division

Back 44

Consistsof motor neurons that send impulses from the CNS to effector organs (musclesand glands).

Front 45

Two parts of Motor Division

Back 45

-Somatic nervous system: Containsmotor neurons going form the CNS to skeletal muscle. This impulse pathwayproduces voluntary actions.

-Autonomic nervous system:Contains motor neurons going from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, andglands. This impulse pathway produces involuntary actions.Á

Front 46

Back 46

- Nerve: Epineurium

- Nerve bundles (fascicles): Perineurium

- Axon: Endoneurium