The Nervous System

Front 1

which system is the brain & spinal cord?

Back 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Front 2

which system is everything outside the brain and spinal cord and represents the input and output pathways?

Back 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 3

which system parallels the spinal cord but is seperately involved in control of exocrine glands, blood vessels, organs, and externel genitalia?

Back 3

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Front 4

what is the nervous system's "input devices"?

Back 4

sensory system

Front 5

what carries the orders to all 3 types of muscles and the glands?

Back 5

motor system

Front 6

what are the two branches the motor system is divided into?

Back 6

somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system

Front 7

which system controls the skeletal muscle and voluntary movements?

Back 7

somatic nervous system

Front 8

which system controls the smooth and cardiac muscles in you organs and also several glands?

Back 8

autonomic nervous system

Front 9

what are the 2 branches the autonomic system breaks down?

Back 9

parasympathetic

sympathetic

Front 10

what branch is often called "resting and digesting" or dealing with normal body functions?

Back 10

parasympathetic branch

Front 11

what branch is the body's alert system commonly known as the "fight-or-flight" response system?

Back 11

sympathetic branch

Front 12

what does "MOTOR" mean?

Back 12

movement

Front 13

what does "PARA" mean?

Back 13

near or around

Front 14

neurons can have speeds as fast as what?

Back 14

100 meters per second

Front 15

nervous system is made of what?

Back 15

nervous tissue

Front 16

the 2 types of cells that the nervous tissue is made of are what?

Back 16

neuroglia or glial

neurons

Front 17

specialized cells in nervous tissue that allow it to perform nervous system functions are what?

Back 17

neuroglia or glial cells

Front 18

what are the 4 types of glial cells in the CNS?

Back 18

1 - astrocytes

2 - microglia

3 - ependymal cells

4 - oligodendrocytes

Front 19

what are the metabolic and support cells that hold the neurons and blood vessels close together called?

Back 19

astrocytes

Front 20

what cells attack microbes and remove debris?

Back 20

microglia

Front 21

what cells do the job epithelial cells, covering surfaces and lining cavities?

Back 21

ependymal cells

Front 22

what cells hold nerve fibers together?

Back 22

oligodendrocytes

Front 23

what are the 2 tyoes of glial cells in the PNS?

Back 23

Schwann cells

satellite cells

Front 24

which cells make myelin for the PNS?

Back 24

Schwann cells

Front 25

which cells are the support cells for the PNS?

Back 25

satellite cells

Front 26

all control functions of the nervous system are caried out by a 2nd group of cells called what?

Back 26

neurons

Front 27

what does "GLIA" mean?

Back 27

glue

Front 28

what does "ASTRO" mean?

Back 28

star

Front 29

what does "OLIG / O" mean?

Back 29

few

Front 30

what does "DENDR / O" mean?

Back 30

branches

Front 31

the main function of what is to transmit messages from one cell to another?

Back 31

neuron

Front 32

sell metabolism is the main function of what?

Back 32

neuron cell body

Front 33

what receives info from the environment or from other cells and carry that info to the cell body?

Back 33

dendrites

Front 34

what generates and sends signals to other cells?

Back 34

axon

Front 35

what connects the axon to a reseiving cell?

Back 35

axon terminal

Front 36

the space between the axon tower and the receiving cell is called what?

Back 36

synapse

Front 37

the synapse of a skeletal muscle is called what?

Back 37

neuromuscular synapse or junction

Front 38

small unmyelinated axons have speeds as low as ____________ while large diameter myelinated axons may be as fast as___________?

Back 38

0.5 meters per second

100 meters per second

Front 39

a disorder where the myelin in the CNS has been destroyed probably by autoimmune attack is what?

Back 39

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Front 40

what does "SCLEROSIS" mean?

Back 40

scars

Front 41

what kind of cell carries a small electrical charge when stimulated?

Back 41

excitable (neuron)

Front 42

a cell that is not stimulated is called what?

Back 42

resting cell

Front 43

a resting cell is said to be what?

Back 43

polarized

Front 44

a cell that is more positive than resting becomes what?

Back 44

depolarized

Front 45

the process of a depolarized cell that becomes more negative again eventually returning to rest is called what?

Back 45

repolarization

Front 46

what is a cell called when it overshoots it's charge and becomes more negative than when it is at rest?

Back 46

hyperpolarized

Front 47

the period during which acell cannot accept another stimulus is called what?

Back 47

refractory period

Front 48

the result of the changes in charge across the cell membrane is called what?

Back 48

action potential

Front 49

action potentials are ________ which means that the action potential once it starts, will always finish and will always be the same size

Back 49

"all-or-none"

Front 50

what is the poison of the puffer fish called?

Back 50

tetrodotoxin

Front 51

the size or amount of the stimulus determines the excitement of a cell is called what?

Back 51

local potential

Front 52

once an action potential is formed it travels down the axom from the cell body to the terminal. this movement is called what?

Back 52

impulse conduction

Front 53

what 2 characteristics determine the speed of impulse conduction along an axon?

Back 53

the presence of a myelin sheath

the diameter of the axon

Front 54

the lipid insulation or sheath formed by the oligodendrocytes in the CNS and the Scwann cells in the PNS are called what?

Back 54

myelin

Front 55

the tiny bare spots between adjacent glial cells are called what?

Back 55

nodes of Ranvier

Front 56

what is the name of the disorder in which irregular electrical signals are suddenly discharged from neurons causing the body to become overloaded with impulses and goes into a seizure?

Back 56

epilepsy

Front 57

neurons that have one axon and one dendrite

Back 57

bipolar

Front 58

neurons that have one axon and many dendrites

Back 58

multipolar

Front 59

neurons that have one process that splits into a central and peripheral projection

Back 59

unipolar

Front 60

what are the 3 classifications of neurons?

Back 60

1 - biploar

2 - multipolar

3 - unipolar

Front 61

input neurons are known as what?

Back 61

sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

Front 62

output neurons are known as what?

Back 62

motor neurons (efferent neurons)

Front 63

neurons that carry info between neurons are known as what?

Back 63

interneurons or association neurons

Front 64

what does "INTER" mean?

Back 64

between

Front 65

what carries orders from the brain to the motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

Back 65

corticospinal tract

Front 66

what carries orders from the brain to the motor neurons in the brain stem?

Back 66

corticobulbar tract

Front 67

which tracts carry info from the brain to the brain stem and ventral horn which helps to coordinate movement?

Back 67

reticulospinal

rubrospinal

Front 68

which columns act as nerve tracts, pathways, or axons, running up and down the spinal cord to and from the brain?

Back 68

dorsal

lateral

ventral

Front 69

which column tract carries fine-touch and vibration info to the brain?

Back 69

dorsal

Front 70

which tract carries temp, pain, and crude touch info to the brain?

Back 70

spinothalamic

Front 71

which tract carries info about posture and position to the brain?

Back 71

spinocerebellar

Front 72

the spinal cord is divided by what?

Back 72

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcas

Front 73

what is a deep groove on the CNS surface called?

Back 73

fissure

Front 74

what is a shallow groove on the CNS called?

Back 74

sulcas

Front 75

the interior of the spinal cord is divided into a series of sections called what?

Back 75

white matter columns and gray matter horns

Front 76

horns are the region that contain what?

Back 76

neuron cell bodies

Front 77

what are the 3 types of horns in the spinal cord and what function are they involved in?

Back 77

posterior or dorsal - sensory functions

anterior or ventral - motor functions

lateral - autonomic functions

Front 78

what is the therapeutic removal of diseased blood and subsequent replacement with healthy blood called?

Back 78

plasma exchange

Front 79

the paralysis caused by an autoimmune attack on the peripheral myelin, Schwann cells, or periphal axons is named what?

Back 79

Guillian - Barre syndrome

Front 80

what are the 3 phases of Guillian - Barre syndrome?

Back 80

acute

plateau

recovery

Front 81

what is located in a hollow tube running inside the vertebral column from the foramen magnum to the 2nd lumbar (L2) vertebrae?

Back 81

spinal cord

Front 82

how many segments is the spinal cord divided into?

Back 82

31

Front 83

both the spinal cord segments and the spinal nerves are named for what?

Back 83

their corresponding vertebrea

Front 84

the spinal cord ends at L2 in a pointed structure called what?

Back 84

conus medullaris

Front 85

the bunch of spinal nerves dangling loosely in a bath of cerebrospinal fluid that act as a shock absorber for both the brain and spinal cord is called what?

Back 85

cauda equina

Front 86

the CNS, both spinal cord and brain, are surrounded by a series of protective membranes called what?

Back 86

meninges

Front 87

what are the 3 distict layers that meninges form?

Back 87

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

Front 88

which layer of the meninges is made of thick fibrous tissue?

Back 88

dura mater

Front 89

which layer of the meninges is the middle, is a wispy, delicate layer resembling spider webs, and is composed of collegen and elastic fibers?

Back 89

arachnoid mater

Front 90

which layer of the meninges is the innermost and is fused to the neural tissue?

Back 90

pia mater

Front 91

what is the space between the dura and ventral column called and is filled with fat and blood?

Back 91

epidural space

Front 92

space between the dura and arachnoid and filled with a tiny bit of fluid?

Back 92

subdural space

Front 93

space between the arachnoid and the pia and filled with cerebrospinal fluid acting as a fluid cushion for the CNS?

Back 93

subarachnoid space

Front 94

what does "MATER" mean?

Back 94

mother

Front 95

what does "EPI" mean?

Back 95

on top

Front 96

what does "SUB" mean?

Back 96

under

Front 97

what does "CAUDA" mean?

Back 97

tail

Front 98

what does "EQUINA" mean?

Back 98

horse

Front 99

what is an anatomical/physiological protective structure of the brain that prevents or slows down the passage of a variety of chemicals and pathogens from the blood and into the CNS?

Back 99

blood brain barrier

Front 100

what is a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS called?

Back 100

ganglion

Front 101

what is the 2nd motor neuron that connects to the smooth muscle or gland called?

Back 101

postganglionic neuron

Front 102

what is the name for the disease that is a rapidly progressive fatal degeneration of the motor neuron?

Back 102

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease)

Front 103

what is the inability to control voluntary movements called and what are the 2 types?

Back 103

paralysis

1 - spastic
2 - flaccid

Front 104

which neurons for the sympathetic system are located in thoracic and first 2 lumbar segments?

Back 104

preganglionic neurons

Front 105

due to the location of the preganglionis neurons they are classified as what?

Back 105

thoracolumbar

Front 106

what is the name for the ganglia that form a pair of chain-like structures that run parallel to the spinal cord?

Back 106

paravertebral ganglia

Front 107

what is the neurotransmitter that the postganglionic neuron releases?

Back 107

norepinephrine

Front 108

what is the name of the chemical that causes that familiar adrenalin rush by circulating the blood stream?

Back 108

epinephrine

Front 109

the neurons of the parasympathetic system are in the brain stem and the sacral spinal cord and are there for called what?

Back 109

craniosacral

Front 110

the preganglionic synapses of the sympathetic system and the craniosacral neurons of the parasympathetic system releases what?

Back 110

acetylcholine

Front 111

waht is the name for a permanent, non-progressive set of motor deficits diagnosed in children generally thought to be due to damage to the motor cortex?

Back 111

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Front 112

what does "PERI" mean?

Back 112

around

Front 113

what does "NATAL" mean?

Back 113

birth

Front 114

What is the name for a chronic progressive motor disorder characterized by resting tremors, slow movement, impaired balance, rigidity, fatigue, and a number of congnitive and emotional disturbances?

Back 114

Parkinson's disease

Front 115

the thalamus, basal nuclei, & cerebellum are part of a complicated what?

Back 115

motor coordination loop

Front 116

what has both motor and sensory inputs and outputs from the cerebral cortex, thalamus,basal nuclei, and the spinal cord?

Back 116

cerebellum

Front 117

the motor system works in parallel with what?

Back 117

somatic sensory system

Front 118

what gives orders to the somatic sensory system?

Back 118

cerebral cortex

Front 119

the neurons of the parasympathetic system are in the brain stem and the sacral spinal cord and are there for called what?

Back 119

craniosacral

Front 120

the preganglionic synapses of the sympathetic system and the craniosacral neurons of the parasympathetic system releases what?

Back 120

acetylcholine

Front 121

waht is the name for a permanent, non-progressive set of motor deficits diagnosed in children generally thought to be due to damage to the motor cortex?

Back 121

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Front 122

what does "PERI" mean?

Back 122

around

Front 123

what does "NATAL" mean?

Back 123

birth

Front 124

What is the name for a chronic progressive motor disorder characterized by resting tremors, slow movement, impaired balance, rigidity, fatigue, and a number of congnitive and emotional disturbances?

Back 124

Parkinson's disease

Front 125

the thalamus, basal nuclei, & cerebellum are part of a complicated what?

Back 125

motor coordination loop

Front 126

what has both motor and sensory inputs and outputs from the cerebral cortex, thalamus,basal nuclei, and the spinal cord?

Back 126

cerebellum

Front 127

the motor system works in parallel with what?

Back 127

somatic sensory system

Front 128

what gives orders to the somatic sensory system?

Back 128

cerebral cortex

Front 129

the dorsal column and the spinothalamic tracts transport ______ from the skin to a portion of the cerebrum known as_______?

Back 129

sensory information

primary somatic sensory cortex

Front 130

what allows conscious sensation inthe somatic sensory cortex?

Back 130

neurons

Front 131

the lateral pathway relays what info from the skin to the somatic sensory cortex?

Back 131

pain
temperature

Front 132

the anterior pathway relays what info from the skin to the somatic sensory cortex?

Back 132

itch
pressure
tickle

Front 133

the dorsal column pathway relays what info from the skin and joints to the somatis sensory cortex and cerebellum?

Back 133

fine touch
limb position

Front 134

the spinocerebellar pathway relays what info from the joints and tendons to the cerebellum?

Back 134

posture

Front 135

what provides sensory input for your nervous system?

Back 135

somatic sensory system

Front 136

your sense of touch is called what?

Back 136

somatic sensation

Front 137

what part of your brain is dedicated to vision?

Back 137

occipital lobe

Front 138

what part of your brain is dedicated to hearing?

Back 138

temporal and parietal lobes

Front 139

what part of your brain is dedicated to taste?

Back 139

temporal lobe

Front 140

what part of your brain is dedicated to smell?

Back 140

frontal lobe

Front 141

what are considered your 5 special senses?

Back 141

vision
hearing
taste
smell
touch

Front 142

special senses are carried on which nerves?

Back 142

cranial

Front 143

info for the somatic sensation comes in from what?

Back 143

brain
spinal cord

Front 144

what is the function of the olfactory nerve?

Back 144

sensory (smell)

Front 145

what is the function of the optic nerve?

Back 145

sensory (vision)

Front 146

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

Back 146

mixed, chiefly motor for eye movements

Front 147

what is the function of the trochlear nerve?

Back 147

mixed, chiefly motor for eye movements

Front 148

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 148

mixed, sensory for face, motor for chewing

Front 149

what is the function of the abducens nerve?

Back 149

mixed, chiefly motor for eye movements

Front 150

what is the function for the facial nerve?

Back 150

motor for facial expression

Front 151

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Back 151

sensory, hearing, and balance

Front 152

what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Back 152

mixed, motor for throat muscles, sensory for taste

Front 153

what is the function of the vagus nerve?

Back 153

mixed, motor for autonomic heart, lungs,viscera; sensory for visera, taste buds, and so on

Front 154

what is the function of the accessory nerve?

Back 154

mixed, chiefly motor; motor and sensory for larynx, soft palate, trapezius, and sternocliedomastiod muscles

Front 155

what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 155

chiefly motor for tongue muscles

Front 156

if there is too much CSF, a condition called _________ occurs, damaging brain tissue

Back 156

hydrocephalus

Front 157

hydrocephalus literally means what?

Back 157

water in the head

Front 158

the most common treatment of hydrocephalus is the insertion of a what?

Back 158

shunt

Front 159

a ________ is a tube that drains the extra CSF from hydrocephalus into the patient's heart of abdominal cavity

Back 159

shunt

Front 160

the nerves of the brain that connects it to the outside are aptly called what?

Back 160

cranial nerves

Front 161

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Back 161

12

Front 162

what is the name for a progressive degenerative disease of the brain and is the most common cause of dementia among people 65yrs or older?

Back 162

Alzheimers disease

Front 163

the fluid filled cavities of the brain are named what?

Back 163

ventricles

Front 164

the CFS is filtered from the blood in the ventricles by tissue called what?

Back 164

choroid plexus

Front 165

the part of the brain that is not visible from the exterioris called what?

Back 165

diencephalon

Front 166

the diencephalon can be divided into what 4 structures?

Back 166

thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal body
pituitary gland

Front 167

what stucture's function is to relay and process info going to the cerebrum

Back 167

thalamus

Front 168

what structure's function is to regulate hormone levels, temperature, water-balance, thirst, appetite, and some emotions?

Back 168

hypothalamus

Front 169

what structure's function is responsible for the secretion of melatonin (body clock)?

Back 169

pineal body

Front 170

what structure's function is to secrete hormones for various functions?

Back 170

pituitary gland

Front 171

the cerebellum has a gray matter cortex and a white matter center that is known as what?

Back 171

arbor vitae (tree of life)

Front 172

approximately what percentage of brain injured peopleexperience post-concussion syndrome?

Back 172

40%

Front 173

the gray matter surrounding the white matter is called what?

Back 173

cortex

Front 174

the cortex of the cerebrum is called what?

Back 174

cerebral cortex

Front 175

the cortex of the cerebellum is called what?

Back 175

cerebellar cortex

Front 176

what are the deep "islands" of gray matter surrounded by white matter in the brain called?

Back 176

nuclei

Front 177

the nuclei in the cerebrum can be part of the _______, which is a motor coordinating system, or part of the _________ which controls emotion, mood, and memory?

Back 177

basal nuclei

limbic system

Front 178

what are the 2 gyri located on either side of the central salcus called?

Back 178

precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus

Front 179

the tiny sacs in the axon terminal that release their contents from the cell via exocytosis are called what?

Back 179

vesicles

Front 180

vesicles are filled with molecules called what?

Back 180

neurotransmitters

Front 181

neurotransmitters are used to send signal from the neuron across the synapse to what?

Back 181

the next cell in line

Front 182

the last step in the transfer of info is what?

Back 182

clean-up

Front 183

using chemicals to carry info from cell to cell is called what?

Back 183

chemical synapse

Front 184

the letters"ASE" at the end of a word mean?

Back 184

enzyme

Front 185

what medications prevent the clean-up of neurotransmitter serotonin from the synapse, thereby increaesing the effects of serotonin on the receiving cell?

Back 185

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

Front 186

what connects the left and right halves of the spinal cord so the 2 sides of the CNS can communicate?

Back 186

commissures

Front 187

what projects from both sides of the spinal cord in pairs, fusing to form the spinal nerves?

Back 187

spinal roots

Front 188

what is the disease that is a form of paralysis caused by the poliomyelitis virus?

Back 188

polio

Front 189

what percentage of people who caught polio developed the paralytic form?

Back 189

1%

Front 190

of the 1% of the people who developed the paralytic form of polio, what percent suffered permanent disability?

Back 190

25%

Front 191

what is the syndrome that is a progressive weakness appearing decades after the polio infection?

Back 191

post-polio syndrome (PPS)

Front 192

what percentage of all people who had paralytic polio will develop PPS?

Back 192

25-40%

Front 193

the most common example of a reflex is what?

Back 193

knee-jerk reflex

Front 194

more than half of all spinal cord injuries happen between what ages?

Back 194

16 - 30

Front 195

patients with injuries to the cervical spinal cord are _________, paralyzed in all 4 limbs

Back 195

quadriplegics

Front 196

what does "COMMISSURES" mean?

Back 196

the meeting of structures

Front 197

what does "CONTRA" mean?

Back 197

against, opposite

Front 198

what does "LATERAL" mean?

Back 198

side

Front 199

the outside of the brain consists of what 3 structures?

Back 199

cerebrum
cerebellum
brain stem

Front 200

the cerebrum is divided into 2 what?

Back 200

hemispheres

Front 201

what divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Back 201

transverse fissure

Front 202

the surface of the cerebrum is not smooth but broken by ridges called ____ and grooves called____ and both together are known as ____?

Back 202

gyri

sulci

convolutions

Front 203

convolutions are very important why?

Back 203

they increase surface area of the brain while allowing it to be "folded" into a smaller space

Front 204

the brain is divided into four large sections called what?

Back 204

lobes

Front 205

the lobes of the brain are named for what?

Back 205

the bones that cover them and occur in pairs, one in each hemispere

Front 206

what are the names of the 4 lobes of the brain?

Back 206

frontal lobes
parietal lobes
occipital lobes
temporal lobes

Front 207

what is the name of the section of the brain that is often listed as the fifth lobe but is not visible on the surface of the cerebrum?

Back 207

insula

Front 208

much or the info coming into the brain is _____ which menas the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the cerebrum and vice versa.

Back 208

contralateral

Front 209

what is posterior of the brain and plays an important role in sensory and motor control and balance?

Back 209

cerebellum

Front 210

patients with injuries in the thoracic spinal cord and lower have what?

Back 210

paraplegia

Front 211

what nerve is the motor nerve for your diaphragm?

Back 211

phrenic nerve

Front 212

diagnosis of a spinal cord injury is accomplished how?

Back 212

neurological exam

any type of imaging studies including MRI, X-ray, CT scans, and myelography

Front 213

what is the name of a very common form of peripheral neuropathy caused by repetitive motion?

Back 213

carpal tunnel syndrome (CT)

Front 214

what is at called when a patient with severe brain injury can continue in a vegetative state as long as they are nutritionally supported?

Back 214

persistant vegetative state

Front 215

the brain is covered with protective membranes called what?

Back 215

meninges

Front 216

the infection of the meninges is a potentially fatal condition called what?

Back 216

meningitis

Front 217

most cases of meningitis are caused by _____ but very serious cases can be caused by _____?

Back 217

viral infection

bacterial infection

Front 218

how is meningitis diagnosed?

Back 218

spinal tap or lumbar puncture

Front 219

what does "ITIS" mean?

Back 219

inflammation of

Front 220

what are the major functions of the frontal lobe?

Back 220

motor function
behavior and emotions
memory storage
thinking
smell

Front 221

what are the major functions of the parietal lobe?

Back 221

body sense
perception
speech

Front 222

what is the major function of the occipital lobe?

Back 222

vision

Front 223

what are the major functions of the temporal lobe?

Back 223

hearing
taste
language comprehension
integration of emotions

Front 224

what is the major function of the insula lobe?

Back 224

autonomic functions

Front 225

the ____ is a stalk-like structure inferior to and partially covered by the cerebrum

Back 225

brain stem

Front 226

the brain stem is divided into what 3 sections?

Back 226

medulla oblongata

pons

midbrain

Front 227

which brainstem structure's function is to relay sensory and motor info?

Back 227

midbrain

Front 228

which brainstem structure's function is to relay sensory and motor info and has a role in breathing?

Back 228

pons

Front 229

which brainstem structure's function is to regulate vital functions of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and is the reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting?

Back 229

medulla oblongata

Front 230

what is the diffuse network of neurons in the brain stem that is responsible for waking up your cerebral cortex called?

Back 230

reticular system

Front 231

bacterial meningitis may be difficult to treat due to what?

Back 231

blood-brain barrier

Front 232

what prevents the entry of various drugs and other substances into the brain?

Back 232

blood-brain barrier

Front 233

what occurs when force is applied to the skull, causing damage to the brain tissue?

Back 233

TBI

Front 234

what is a brief period of impaired consciousness or arousal?

Back 234

stupor

Front 235

what is it when you have no consciousness?

Back 235

coma

Front 236

what is it when there may be arousal and sleep wake cycles but no response to surroundings?

Back 236

vegetative state

Front 237

what is the condition that can cause permanent brain injury that is caused by the disruption of blood flow to part of the brain due to either hemmorage or blood clot?

Back 237

stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Front 238

mini strokes are called what?

Back 238

transient ischemic accidents (TIA)

Front 239

what is a pool of blood between any layers of the meninges of the skull?

Back 239

hematoma

Front 240

the most common location of hematomas are where?

Back 240

epidural (between the dura mater and skull)

subdural (between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater)

subarachnoid (in the subarachnoid space)

Front 241

what ia the name of the scale based on the patient's abilitly to open their eyes, respond verbally to questions, and move their limbs when requested?

Back 241

Glasgow Coma Scale

Front 242

what is the specialized area that has a map of the boby with each area dedicated to motor function of a specific body area?

Back 242

primary motor cortex

Front 243

the frontal lobe has the premotor and prefrontal areas which do what?

Back 243

plan movements

Front 244

what is the name of the motor speech area in the frontal lobe?

Back 244

Broca's area

Front 245

what in the parietal lobe controls understanding of language?

Back 245

Wernicke's area

Front 246

the right and left hemispheres are connected by a collection of white matter surrounding the lateral ventricles called what?

Back 246

corpus callosum

Front 247

peripheral neuropathy encompasses a number of disorders involving what

Back 247

damage to peripheral nerves

Front 248

nerves are the connection for the CNS and what?

Back 248

the world outside the CNS

Front 249

the nerves connected to the spinal cord are called what?

Back 249

spinal nerves

Front 250

a nerve that carries both types of info are called what?

Back 250

mixed nerves

Front 251

spinal nerves from the cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal cord go thru complex branching patterns called what?

Back 251

plexuses

Front 252

the simplest form of motor outputs are called what?

Back 252

reflexes

Front 253

which reflex is activated when you smash your thumb with a mhammer or touch a hot stove?

Back 253

withdrawal reflex

Front 254

which reflex keeps you vertical?

Back 254

vestibular reflex

Front 255

which reflex causes you to jump at loud sounds?

Back 255

startle reflex

Front 256

the injection of an anesthetic into the subarachnoid space via a needle is called what?

Back 256

spinal block

Front 257

some cells use wha instead of chemicals to transmit info?

Back 257

electrical synapse

Front 258

the cells in an electrical synapse can freely transfer info because they have special connections called what?

Back 258

gap junctions