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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Large cities that dominate the countryside around them |
Growing populations required more food production, sothe cities controlled their hinterlands in order to guarantee a reliable and continuous supply of food for theirinhabitants |
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Monumental architecture and public building projects that take many forms |
- They may include temples, palaces,irrigation projects, city walls, public arenas, government buildings, and aqueducts |
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A complex political organization |
- In order to coordinate activities and provide protection for the cities andhinterlands, governments developed. The larger the area and population, the more demanding political positionsbecame, and control of the government began to move away from kinship ties. Although many early rulers passedtheir authority down to their sons, other factors became important, such as military prowess and ability |
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A written language |
- This important development in human history allowed societies to organize and maintain thegrowing political, social, and economic structure that followed settlement into agricultural areas. Those societiesthat developed a written language were able to communicate multiple ideas and large amounts of information thatin turn encouraged greater complexity and growth |
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Specialization of labor |
- With basic food needs taken care of by fewer people, others may specialize in jobs thathelp to improve the quality of life. For example, engineers may construct bigger and better irrigation systems, andbureaucrats may increase their level of government services |
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Advanced art and literature |
- In prehistoric times and in simple communities, most artwork and literature was (is)produced by people who were preoccupied with activities that sustained their lives, such as hunting and gatheringor farming. Art consisted of simple drawings, and literature usually took the form of oral stories passed down fromone generation to the next. With the advent of civilization, some people had the time to concentrate on art andliterature, making them their primary occupation |
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Long distance trade |
- As technologies improved and specialization increased, trade with other civilization centersbegan. This trade led to cultural diffusion, or the spreading and sharing of cultural characteristics. Not only wasmaterial culture - objects such as pottery, tools, and textiles - shared, but nonmaterial culture - such as beliefs,customs, and values - also spread, contributing to the cosmopolitan nature of cities |
