The Muscular System

Front 1

bi-

Back 1

twice, double, two

Front 2

-cele

Back 2

hernia, tumor, swelling

Front 3

dys-

Back 3

bad, difficult, or painful

Front 4

fasci/o

Back 4

fascia, fibrous band

Front 5

fibro/o

Back 5

fibrous tissue, fiber

Front 6

-ia

Back 6

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

Front 7

-ic

Back 7

pertaining to

Front 8

kines/o, kinesi/o

Back 8

movement

Front 9

my/o

Back 9

muscle

Front 10

-plegia

Back 10

paralysis, stroke

Front 11

-rrhexis

Back 11

rupture

Front 12

tax/o

Back 12

corrdination, order

Front 13

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Back 13

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

Front 14

ton/o

Back 14

tone, stretching, tension

Front 15

tri-

Back 15

three

Front 16

abduction

Back 16

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Front 17

adduction

Back 17

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Front 18

adhesion

Back 18

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Front 19

ataxia

Back 19

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Front 20

atonic

Back 20

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Front 21

atrophy

Back 21

means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

Front 22

bradykinesia

Back 22

extreme slowness in movement

Front 23

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 23

symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

Front 24

chronic fatigue syndrome

Back 24

disorder of unknwon cause that affects many body systems

Front 25

circumduction

Back 25

circular movement at the far end of a limb

Front 26

contracture

Back 26

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Front 27

dorsiflexion

Back 27

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Front 28

dyskinesia

Back 28

the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm

Front 29

dystonia

Back 29

condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

Front 30

electromyography

Back 30

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Front 31

epicondylitis

Back 31

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Front 32

ergonomics

Back 32

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Front 33

exercise physiologist

Back 33

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

Front 34

fasciitis

Back 34

also spelled fasciitis, inflammation of a fascia

Front 35

fibromyalgia syndrome

Back 35

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

Front 36

ganglion cyst

Back 36

harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Front 37

heel spur

Back 37

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of planta fasciitis

Front 38

hemiparesis

Back 38

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

Front 39

hemiplegia

Back 39

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Front 40

hernia

Back 40

protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

Front 41

hyperkinesia

Back 41

hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Front 42

hypotonia

Back 42

condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Front 43

impingement syndrome

Back 43

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within shoulder joint

Front 44

insertion

Back 44

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

Front 45

intermittent claudication

Back 45

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Front 46

muscular dystrophy

Back 46

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

Front 47

myasthenia gravis

Back 47

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Front 48

myocele

Back 48

herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Front 49

myoclonus

Back 49

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle of a muscle or group of muscles

Front 50

myofascial release

Back 50

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 51

myolysis

Back 51

degeneration of muscle tissue

Front 52

myoparesis

Back 52

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Front 53

myorrhaphy

Back 53

surgical suturing a muscle

Front 54

neuromuscular

Back 54

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Front 55

nocturnal myoclonus

Back 55

jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep

Front 56

oblique

Back 56

slanted or at an angle

Front 57

paralysis

Back 57

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Front 58

paraplegia

Back 58

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Front 59

physiatrist

Back 59

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

Front 60

plantar fasciitis

Back 60

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

Front 61

polymyositis

Back 61

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation an weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Front 62

pronation

Back 62

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot I turned downward or backward

Front 63

quadriplegia

Back 63

paralysis of all four extremities

Front 64

range of motion testing

Back 64

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muschle strength

Front 65

sarcopenia

Back 65

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

Front 66

shin splint

Back 66

painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

Front 67

singultus

Back 67

hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Front 68

spasmodic torticollis

Back 68

wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

Front 69

sphincter

Back 69

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Front 70

sprain

Back 70

an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

Front 71

tenodesis

Back 71

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Front 72

tenosynovitis

Back 72

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Front 73

tenolysis

Back 73

tendolysis, the release of a tendon from adhesions

Front 74

tenorrhaphy

Back 74

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

Front 75

transverse

Back 75

in a crosswise direction