The Muscular System

Front 1

Muscles of the Face
Orbicularis oculi
Orb = circular; Ocul = eye

Back 1

O – frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit.
I – tissue of eyelid

Front 2

Zygomaticus (major or minor)

Zygomatic = cheekbone

Back 2

O – zygomatic bone.
I – tissue of eyelid.
CN VII – Cranial Nerve.

Front 3

Risorius

Rusir = laughter.

Back 3

O – lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle.

I – skin at angle of mouth.

CN VII – Cranial Nerve

Front 4

Levator labii superioris

Leva = raise; labi = lip

Back 4

O – Zyfomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla.
I – skin and muscle of upper lip
CN VII – Facial Nerve

Front 5

Depressor labii inferioris.

Depressor = depresses;
infer = below.

Back 5

O – body of mandible lateral to its midline.

I – skin and muscle of lower lip.
CN VII – Facial Nerve.

Front 6

Depressor anguli oris.

Angul = angle, corner;
or = mouth.

Back 6

O – body of mandible below incusors.

I – skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus.


CN VII – Facial Nerve

Front 7

Orbicularis oris

Back 7

O – arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips.

I – encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth.

CN VII – Facial Nerve

Front 8

Mantalis

Ment = chin.

Back 8

O – mandible below incisors

I – skin of chin.


CN VII – Facial Nerve.

Front 9

Buccinator.

Bucc = cheek or “trumpeter.”

Back 9

O – molar region of maxilla and mandible

I – orbicularis oris.

CN VII – Facial Nerve.

Front 10

Platysma.

Platy = broad, flat.

Back 10

O – fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid)

I – lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth.


CN V – Trigeminal Nerve.

Front 11

Muscles of Mastication.

Masseter

Maseter = chewer.

Back 11

O – zygomatic arch and maxilla.

I – angle and ramus of mandible.

CN V – Trigeminal Nerve.

Front 12

Temporalis.

Tempora = time; pertaining to the temporal bone.

Back 12

O – temporal fossa.

I – coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch.

CN V – Trigeminal Nerve.

Front 13

Buccinator.

Bucc = cheek or “trumpeter.”

Back 13

O – molar region of maxilla and mandible

I – orbicularis oris.

CN VII – Facial Nerve.

Front 14

Muscles Promoting Tongue Movements. (Extrinsic)

Genioglossus

Geni = chin;
glossus = tongue.

Back 14

O – internal surface of mandible near symphysis.

I – inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone.

CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve.

Front 15

Hyoglossus

Hyo = pertaining to hyoid bone.

Back 15

O – body and greater horn of hyoid bone

I -- inferolateral tongue.


CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve.

Front 16

Styloglossus

Stylo = pertaining to styloid process.

Back 16

O – styloid process of temporal bone.

I – inferolateral tongue.

CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve.

Front 17

Superhyoid Muscles

Back 17

Muscles that help form floor of oral cavity, anchor tongue, elevate hyoid, and move larynx superiorly during swallowing; lie superior to hyoid bone.

Front 18

Digastric.

Di = two; gaster = belly.

Back 18

O – lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)

I – by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone.

Mandibular branch of CN V for anterior belly; CN VII for posterior belly.

Front 19

Styloyoid .

Back 19

O – styloid process of temporal bone.

I – hyoid bone.



CN VII – Facial Nerve.

Front 20

Mylohyoid



Myle = molar

Back 20

O – medial surface of mandible.

I – hyoid bones and median raphe.

Mandibular branch of CN V

Front 21

Genoihyoid.

Geni = chin.

Back 21

O – inner surface of mandibular symphysis.

I – hyoid bone.

First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve.

Front 22

Infrahyoid Muscles.

Back 22

Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking.

Front 23

Sternohyoid.

Sterno = sternum.

Back 23

O – manubrium and medial end of clavicle .

I – lower margin of hyoid bone.

First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve.

Front 24

Sternothyroid.


Thyro = thyroid cartilage.

Back 24

O – posterior surface of manubrium of sternum.

I – thyroid cartilage.

First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve.

Front 25

.Pharyngeal constrictor muscles Superior, Middle, and Inferior.

Back 25

O – attached anteriorly to mandible and medial ptergoid plate (superior), lyoid bone (middle), and laryngeal cartilages (inferior)

I – posterior median raphe of pharynx.

Pharyngeal plexus (branches of vagus (X

Front 26

Sternocleidomastoid – STM.


Sterno = breastbone; cleido = clavicle; mastoid = mastoid process.

Back 26

O – manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.

I – mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line o occipital bone.

Accessory nerve CN XI and branches of cervical spinal nerves.

Front 27

Erector spinae, also called sacrospinalis.

Back 27

Prime mover of back extension; erector spinae muscles, each consisting of three columns- the iliocostalis, longussumus, and sponalis muscles—form intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles; erector spinae provide resistance that helps control action of bending forward at the waist and act as a pwerfl extensors to promote return to erect positions; during full flexion.

Front 28

Longissimus
Thoracis, cervices, and capitis parts.
Longissimus = longest.

Back 28

O – transverse processes of lumber through cervical vertebrae.
I – transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone.
Spinal Nerves (Dorsal rami)

Front 29

Spinalis
thoracis, cervicis, and capitis regions.
semi = half; thorac = thorax.

Back 29

O - spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertabae.
I - spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertabrae.
Spinal Nerves (Dorsal rami)

Front 30

quadratus lumborum
quad = four-sided;
lumb = lumbar region

Back 30

O - iliac crest and lumber fascia.
I - transverse processes of upper lumber vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib.

Front 31

External intercostals
external = towards the outside; inter = between; cost = ribs

Back 31

O - inferior border of rib above.
I - superior border of rib below.
Intercostal Nerves.

Front 32

Internal intercostals
internal = towards the inside, deep.

Back 32

O - superior border of rib below.
I - inferior border (costal groove) of rib above.
Intercostal Nerves.

Front 33

Diaphragm.
dia = across;
phragm = partition.

Back 33

O - inferior, internal furface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae.
I - central tendon.
Phrenic Nerves.