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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General term for contractile tissue
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muscle
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The contractile property of muscle tissue allows it to...
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become short and thick in response to a nerve impulse & then relax back to its original length once that impulse is removed
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3 major types of muscle
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skeletal
smooth cardiac |
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what type of muscle is voluntary muscle?
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skeletal
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the fibers in skeletal muscle appear to be striped & are therefore called what?
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striated
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which types of muscles are involuntary
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smooth
cardiac |
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because it is found in the muscle of organs, smooth muscle is also called what?
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visceral
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which type of muscle appears to be striated and is found in the heart?
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cardiac
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the ability for muscle to be stretched is called what?
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extensibility
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attached to bones of the skeleton and provide movement
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skeletal
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fibrous tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone is what?
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tendon
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attach bone to bone
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ligaments
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broad sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone and DOES NOT use tendons is called what?
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aponeurosis
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we control this type of muscle by conscious thought and it is also called what
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skeletal
voluntary |
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greater than normal?
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hyper
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growth or development?
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trophy
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soft and flabby?
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flaccid
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the letter "A" at the beginning of a word means?
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without, lack of
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how many muscles are in the body?
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650
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true or false: some muscle tears are good for you
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true
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why are some muscle tears good for you?
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when exercising your muscles develop small tears & when they heal they actually increase in size & mass
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what does P.R.I.C.E. stand for?
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Protection
Rest Ice Compression Elevate |
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chronic tendon injuries are typically called?
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tendinitis (or tendonitis)
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degenerative disease leading to breakdown and scarring of tendons that appears to be caused by the failure of tendons to repair themselves after injury
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tendinosis
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what are the symptoms of tendoinosis?
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pain, tenderness, and stiffness, and often do not appear until the disease is advanced
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common running-related inflammatory injury of the extensor muscles and the surrounding tissues of the lower legs
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shin splints
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posterior means?
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back
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anterior means?
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front
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brachii means?
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arm
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biceps means?
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two heads
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maxiumus means?
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biggest
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delta means?
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triangle
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pectoral means?
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shoulder
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major means?
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big
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Location and function of the biceps brachii
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L = anterior upper arm
F = flexes arm |
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Location and function of the triceps brachii
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L = posterior upper arm
F = extends arm |
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Location and function of the orbicularis oculi
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L = encircles eye
F = closes eyelids |
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Location and function of the massetar
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L = jaw or mandible
F = closes jaw |
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Location and function of the sternocleidomastiod
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L = from sternum (breastbone) and clavicle (collar bone) to temporal bone
F = flexes and rotates the head |
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Location and function of the pectoralis major
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L = chest
F = flexes the chest area |
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Location and function of the DELTOID
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L = shoulder
F = moves arms; also an IM injection site |
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Location and function of the LATISSUMIS DORSI
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L = mid-lower back and connects to anterior portion on shoulder
F = helps tp adduct and rotates arm and extends arm |
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Location and function of the TRAPEZIUS
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L = between shoulder and neck
F = provides movement for scapula and extends neck |
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Location and function of the INTERCOSTELS
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L = between ribs
F = lifts and lowers the ribs to assist breathing |
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Location and function of the DIAPHRAGM
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L = floor of thoracic cavity
F = primary muscle of normal breathing |
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Location and function of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
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L = buttocks
F = abducts and rotates thigh; also an IM injection site |
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Location and function of the HAMSTRINGS
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L = posterior (back) portion of thigh
F = flexes lower leg |
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Location and function of the QUADRICEPS
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L = anterior (front) portion of thigh
F = extends lower leg |
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Location and function of the TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (front)
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L = front of lower leg
F = dorsiflexes foot |
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Location and function of the GASTROCNEMIUS
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L = posterior (back) portion of calf
F = flexes foot |
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location and function of the SOLEUS MAJOR
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L = posterior (back) portion of calf
F = flexes foot |
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"MY" means?
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muscle
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algia means?
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pain
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pain or tenderness in a muscle is called?
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myalgia
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chronic pain syndrome characterized by pain of at least 3 months duration, bilateral tenderness, fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and exercise intolerance and found in about 2% of the population in the U.S. and Canada
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fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
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FMS can be distinguished from other types of chronic pain by what?
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location of pain in 11 of the 18 designated tender points
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shortening of the muscle fibers is called what?
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contraction
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muscles, either by themselves or in muscle groups that cause movement, are known as what?
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agonist or prime movers
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in movement, the end of the muscle that is attached to the stationary bone is called what?
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point of origin
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in movement, the muscle end that is attached to the moving bone is called what?
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point of insertion
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the action of a muscle is to move the ________ towards the ________?
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insertion
origin |
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what are muscles that assist the primary movers called?
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synergistic
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muscles that cause movement in the opposite direction than the prime movers when they contract are called what?
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antagonists
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dome shaped muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities and is responsible for performing the major work of bringing atmospheric air into our lungs
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diaphragm
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a muscle that straightens the joint is called what?
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extensor muscle
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a muscle that bends a joint is called what?
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flexor muscle
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what is a condition of irregular muscle movement and lack of muscle coordination called?
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ataxia
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tax/o means?
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coordination
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what is the term for the study of muscles and movement?
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kinesiology
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"AB" means?
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away as in abduct or abnormal
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"AD" means?
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toward as in adduct
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muscle consists of elongated cells that are called ______ and can be up to ____ inches, or ______ centimeters, in length?
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muscle fibers
12 30 |
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each muscle fiber is encased in a cell membrane called what?
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sarcolemma
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each sarcolemma contains individual units called?
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myofibrils
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in order for contraction to take place, each fiber must possess many functional contractile units called what?
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sarcomeres
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each sarcomere has 2 types of threadlike structures called what?
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thin and thick myofilaments
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thick myofilament is made up of what protein?
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myosin
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thin myofilament is made up up primarily of what protein?
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actin
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sarcomere have the actin and myosin filaments arranged in repeating units separated from each other by dark bands called what?
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Z lines
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Z lines give what appearance to skeletal muscle?
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striated
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a genetic, incurable myopathy and is the most common childhood form of musclar dystrophy
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Duchenne's musclar dystrophy (DMD)
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DMD is carried on which chromosome and is seen overwhelmingly in which gender?
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X
boys |
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what causes DMD?
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a mistake in the gene for a protein called dystrophin
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scientist think dystrophin's function is to hold what together during contraction?
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muscle fiber
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"DYS" means?
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difficult
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"TROPHY" means?
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growth or development
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"ELECTR/O" means?
"MY/O" means? "GRAM" means? |
electricity
muscle recording |
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a milder, late-onset form of musclular dystrophy
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (BMD)
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a test in which a muscle group is stimulated with an electrical impulse that causes a contraction
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electromyogram
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what are the 2 energy molecules needed for contraction and relaxation of the muscle?
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
calcium (Ca) |
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which energy molecule provides the energy to help the myosin heads form and break the crossbridges withactin?
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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when the muscle is relaxed, where is calcium stored away from the actin and myosin?
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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what are sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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specialized series of interconnecting tubules and sacs that surround each myofibril
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when the muscle is stimulated, calcium is released from the SR and allows actin, myosin, and ATP to interact which causes what?
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the contraction
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the nervous system releases what to tell the muscle to contract (excite the muscle)?
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neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)
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the signal from the ACh causes the muscle fibers to open what?
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sodium ion channels
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a motor unit is what?
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motor neuron plus all the fibers it stimulates
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a chemical neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft
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acetylocholine
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what is the term for the surface of the muscle that is studded with sodium channels requiring a "special key" to be opened?
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ligand-gated
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the enzyme responsible for cleaning up the synapse is ?
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acetylcholinesterase
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Myasthenia Gravis literally means what?
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grave muscle weakness
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tetanus (also known as Lock Jaw)
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muscle disorder caused by an untreated bacterial infection of a wound
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process that is less effective tahn using glucose and can provide energy for a short time but does not require oxygen
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fermentation
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a byproduct of fermentation that builds up in the muscle causing temporary muscle fatigue or weakness
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lactic acid
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after exercise is completed, more oxygen is needed to convert the lactic acid back to glucose, this additional oxygen is called what?
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the body's oxygen debt
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