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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Layers Of Muscles |
(Corn Wrap) Endomysium- encloses a single muscle fiber (Saran Wrap) Perimysium- wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fiber (Bag) Epimysium- covers the entire skeletal muscle (Double Bag) Fascia- on the outside of the epimysiun |
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Sacrolemma |
Specialized plasma membrane |
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Myofibrils |
Long organelles inside muscle |
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Sacroplasmic reticulum |
Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle |
Myofibrils are aligned to give distinct bands - I band- light band -contains only thin filaments -A band- dark band -contains thye entire length of the thick filament
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The nerve stimulus and actin potential |
•skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a motor neuron (nerve cell) to contact •motor unit- one motor neuton and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated bt that neuron |
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Neuromuscular juntion |
Assosciation site of axon termial of the motor neuronsnd muscle |
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Synaptic cleft |
-gap between nerve snd muscle -nerve and muscle do not make contact -area between nerve snd muscle is filled with intestinal fluid |
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Sacromere |
Contractile until of a muscle fiber |
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Organization of the sarcomere |
Myofilment -thick filament- mysoin filaments -thin filament- actin filaments |
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Thick filaments (myosin filaments) |
-composed of the protein myosin -has ATPase enzymes -Myosin filaments have head( extensions of cross beidges) -myosin and actin overlap somewhat |
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Thin Filaments (actin filaments) |
-composed of the protein actin -anchored to the Z disc •At rest, there is a bare zone that lacks actin filaments called the H zone |
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Saroplasmic reticulum (SR) |
-stores and releases calcium -surrounds the myofibril |
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Excitability (stimulation and contraction of single skeletal muscle cells) |
Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus |
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Contractility |
Ability to shorten when an adequete stimulus is received |
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Extensibility |
Ability of muscle cells to be stretched |
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Elasticity |
Ability to recoil and reume resting length after stretching |
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Graded responses (Twitch) |
-single, brief contraction -not a normal muscle fucntion |
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Graded Responses (Tetanus) |
-one contraction is immediately followed by another -the muscle does not completely return to a resting state -The effects are added |
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Graded Responses (unfused (imcomplete) tetanus) |
-some relaxation occurs between contractions -the results are summed |
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Graded Responses (fused (complete) tetanus) |
-no evidence of relaxation before the following contraction -the result is a sustained muscle contraction |
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Muscle response to strong stimuli |
-muscle force depends upon the number of fibers stimulated -more fibers contracting results in greater muscle tension -muscles can continue to contract unless they run out if energy |
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The nerve stimulus and sction potential |
-skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a motor neuron (nerve cell) to contact |
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Graded responses (Twitch) |
-single, brief contraction -not a normal muscle fucntion |
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Graded Responses (Tetanus) |
-one contraction is immediately followed by another -the muscle does not completely return to a resting state -The effects are added |
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Graded Responses (unfused (imcomplete) tetanus) |
-some relaxation occurs between contractions -the results are summed |
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Graded Responses (fused (complete) tetanus) |
-no evidence of relaxation before the following contraction -the result is a sustained muscle contraction |
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Muscle response to strong stimuli |
-muscle force depends upon the number of fibers stimulated -more fibers contracting results in greater muscle tension -muscles can continue to contract unless they run out if energy |
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The nerve stimulus and sction potential |
-skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a motor neuron (nerve cell) to contact |
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Motor unit |
One motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron |
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Neuromuscler juntion |
Assosication site of axon termial of the motor neuron wnd muscle |
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Synapic Cleft |
-gap between nerve and muscle -nerve snd muscle do not make contact -area between nerve and muse is filled with intestinal fluid |
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Aerobic (endurance) exercise |
Stronger more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue Makes body metabolism more efficient Improves digestion, coordination |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Isotonic contractions |
Myofilaments are able to slide oast each other during contraction The muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Isotonic contractions |
Myofilaments are able to slide oast each other during contraction The muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Isometric contractions |
Tension in the muscle increases The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movment |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Isotonic contractions |
Myofilaments are able to slide oast each other during contraction The muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Isometric contractions |
Tension in the muscle increases The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movment |
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Smooth Muscle Characteristics |
Lacks striations Spindle shaped cells Single nucleus Involuntary- no conscience control Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Isotonic contractions |
Myofilaments are able to slide oast each other during contraction The muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Isometric contractions |
Tension in the muscle increases The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movment |
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Smooth Muscle Characteristics |
Lacks striations Spindle shaped cells Single nucleus Involuntary- no conscience control Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs |
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Cardiac Muscle Characteristics |
Striations Usually has a single nucleus Branching cells Joined to another muscle cells at an intercalated disc Involuntary Found only in the heart |
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Resistance (isometric) exercise |
Increases muscle size and strength |
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Muscle Tone |
Some fibers are contracted even in s relaxed muscle Different fibers contract at different times to provide muscle tone The process of stimulating various fibers is unclear involtsrt contraction |
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Isotonic contractions |
Myofilaments are able to slide oast each other during contraction The muscle shortens and movement occurs |
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Isometric contractions |
Tension in the muscle increases The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movment |
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Smooth Muscle Characteristics |
Lacks striations Spindle shaped cells Single nucleus Involuntary- no conscience control Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs |
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Cardiac Muscle Characteristics |
Striations Usually has a single nucleus Branching cells Joined to another muscle cells at an intercalated disc Involuntary Found only in the heart |
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Skeletal muscle funtions |
Produce movement Maintain posture Stabilize joints Gernerate heat |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Five gold Rules #1 |
With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Five gold Rules #1 |
With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint |
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Five Golden Rules #2 |
Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Five gold Rules #1 |
With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint |
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Five Golden Rules #2 |
Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed |
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Five Golden Rule #3 |
All skeletal muscles have at least two atteachments: the orgin and the insertion |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Five gold Rules #1 |
With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint |
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Five Golden Rules #2 |
Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed |
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Five Golden Rule #3 |
All skeletal muscles have at least two atteachments: the orgin and the insertion |
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Five Golden rule #4 |
Skeletal muscles can only pull: they never push |
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Site of muscle attachments |
Bones Cartilages Connective tissue coverings |
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3 basic muscle types are found in the body |
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle |
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Myo |
Refers to muscle |
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Sacro |
Refers to flesh |
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Five gold Rules #1 |
With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint |
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Five Golden Rules #2 |
Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed |
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Five Golden Rule #3 |
All skeletal muscles have at least two atteachments: the orgin and the insertion |
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Five Golden rule #4 |
Skeletal muscles can only pull: they never push |
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Five Golden Rule #5 |
During the contraction, a skeletal muscle insertion moves toward the origin |
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Graded Responses |
Different degrees skeletal muscle shorter |
