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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Secondary Empire |
in association with Chinese empire |
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Overview |
largest contiguous empire in history: from Pacific to E Europe and From Siberia to the Indian Ocean |
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Mongolia |
mountain ranges, Gobi desert, not great for agriculture nor irrigation; Pastoral focus; wild horses |
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In Paleolithic |
Mal'ta, subterranean houses, portable art, fifrst non-European sites w/ venus figurines |
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Afanasevo and Andronovo Culture |
3500-1000BC, first food producers of the area: Indo_European, sheep and goats, horse, hunting and herding |
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Deer Stones |
carved megaliths: Siberia and Monoglia; 1000BC; depicted images of flying deer; occur in groups; ritual and shamanistic purpose |
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Culture and Ethnic Groups |
constant interference from China, nomadic tribes |
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Xiongu Empire |
confederation of Nomadic groups; 209-50BC; invaded N China: Great Wall built in response, establishment of silk road; decline by AD 100 |
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The Horse |
originally hunted for meat: cave paintings; domesticated in W Eurasian steppe (Ukraine/Kazakhstan)--> later used for milk and riding : Botai culture in Kazakhstan |
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Horse Domestication |
travel long distances quickly, provided food and warmth, wheeled chariot, Master cavalrymen (on horseback-bow and arrow) |
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Mongol Empire |
Temujin (Genghis Khan) |
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Creation of Empire |
JIn Dynasty -China Khwarezmid Empire Khan gave self name= leader conquered W. Xia; developed the Mongol Script |
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Genghis Khan |
meritocracy: on merit and skill abandonment of some Mongol traditions- did not kill or drive away enemies but made them part of his own army rewarded civilians and soldiers w/ wealth and spoils of war adopted orphans died from horse riding injury? myths about burials in an unmarked grave |
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Karakorum |
capital of Mongol empire |
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Khanates |
empire divided among Genghis' 4 sons |
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Great Khanate |
Yuan Dynasty; established by Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis); kept Mongols and Chinese seperate |
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Ilkhanate |
sacked Baghdad, almost conquered Egypt, converted to Islam: restricted form of Islam developed, intolerant of others, end of Golden Age of Islam |
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The Golden Horde |
E. Europe, W Siberia, and S of Black Sea; staging are for invasion of W Europe |
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Role in Creation of Russia |
kept it from influence of Renaissance; created Moscow as seat of government; isolation from Europe; development of different thought and government |
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Pax Mongolia |
time of relative peace; established trade networks- communication b/w east and west (Silk Road) |
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Government and Politics |
generally left indigenous political systems in place- some changes to centralized rule; discouraged interaction; strict legal code |
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Military |
utilized the decimal system; armys in interethnic groups on 10; highly disciplined; swift and efficient: did not make campfires, silk under armour, retreating archery; meritocracy |
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Society |
women= higher status; religious diversity tolerated; exempted poor and clergy from taxes; created postal system |
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Decline of Mongol Empire |
too big? no attempt at assimilation; good at conquest poor at administration; long dissolution of the Khanates |
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Legacy |
increased knowledge and interaction b/w East and West; diseas : black death; 8% of people in Asia carry Genghis Khan's DNA: reduced pop, spread of Islam, foundation of later empires |
