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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hydrocarbons |
carbon and hydrogen chains store a lot of energy functional groups varies them (R groups) |
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Lipids |
hydrophobic store twice as much energy as polysaccharides (sugars) |
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fats |
lipids made from glycerol and fatty acids |
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unsaturated fats |
has a double bond with a kink liquid at room temp |
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saturated fats |
single bonds, no kinks, solid at room temp |
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healthy fats |
have polysaturated omega fatty acids, monosaturated |
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Phospholipids |
glycerol and 2 fatty acid chains head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic form cell membranes |
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steriods |
lipds in ring structures ex- cholesterol move |
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HDL vs LDL |
high density lipoprotein: (good) removes excess chloresterol and returns to liver to remove it low density lipoprotein: (bad) travels through bloodstream, gets clogged in arteries as plaque |
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dehydration reaction |
joins short polymer to monomer by removing h2O |
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carbohydrates |
simple sugars end in -ose complex sugars = starches |
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monosaccharides |
sugar monomers ex: glucose and fructose |
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glucose |
blood sugar essential energy source part of every disaccharide |
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fructose |
sweetest of the all sugars |
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galactose |
only in a few foods |
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disaccharides |
two monosaccharides together |
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condensation/hydrolysis |
links 2 monosaccharides together |
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hydrolysis |
breaks a disaccharides into 2 |
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maltose |
disaccharide made of 2 glucose units |
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sucrose |
dissacharides of glucose and fructose |
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lactose |
dissacharides of galactose and glucose |
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polysaccharide |
long chains of sugar units |
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starch |
storage polysaccharide made of glucose monomers found in plants |
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glycogen |
storage polysaccharide made of glucose hydrolyzed by animals when glucose is needed |
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cellulose |
polymer of glucose that forms plant cell walls |
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chitin |
polysaccharides used by insects to form exoskeleton |
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Proteins |
built by combination of 20 amino acid monomers |
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amino acids |
made by: amine group, r group, then carboxyl group |
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essential amino acid |
body can't produce it, needs to be consumed in diet |
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polypeptide chain |
polymer consists of amino acids chains NOT a protein |
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enzymatic proteins |
accelerate chemical reactions |
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defensive proteins |
protect against disease antibodies destroy viruses |
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storage proteins |
store amino acids egg whites in egg as energy source for developing embryo |
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transport protein |
transport substances proteins in cell membranes |
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hormonal proteins |
coordinate organisms activities insulin secreted by pancreas to take up glucose and regulate blood sugar concentration |
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receptor proteins |
response to a chemical stimuli receptors in membranes in nerve cells |
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contractile and motor proteins |
movement responsible for contractions of cilia and flagella and contraction of muscles |
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structual proteins |
support, provide fibrous network keratin in hair and nails |
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primary structure of protein |
chain of amino acids |
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secondary protein structure |
chain of amino acid reacts with r groups by making hydrogen bonds made alpha helix and beta pleated sheets |
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tertiary structure of protein |
single polypeptide unit connected by peptide bonds |
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quarternary structure of protein |
mulitple polypeptides form protein |
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Nucleic Acids |
sugar phosphate backbone, nucleotides attached in middle |
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DNA |
ATCG, forms double helix, encodes hereditary information |
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RNA |
AUCG, forms single strand |
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A&T |
2 hydrogen bonds |
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C&G |
3 hydrogen bonds, stronger |
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central dogma of life |
dna makes RNA by transcription RNA makes protein by translation |
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gene |
nucleotide sequence that instructs formation of polypeptide |
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deoxyribose |
sugar missing hydroxyl group |
