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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the cause of delerium in all patients?
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an illness or medication
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what does inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness which developed over several days describe?
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delerium
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List the 5 main causes of delerium? (5)
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1. Drugs
2. Alcohol 3. Infections 4. Metabolic disorders 5. Cardiovascular events |
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What is the most common etiology of delerium?
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drugs (medication)esp. OTC's like NSAID's and cold medicines
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What types of infections may be the cause of delerium? (4)
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1. septicemia
2. pneumonia 3. urinary tract infections 4. systemic viruses |
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what does the DELIRIUM Mneumonic stand for?
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D - dementia
E - electrolytes L - Lungs... major organs including brain I - Infections R - Rx (esp anticholinergics) I - Injury U - unfavorable environment M - metabolic |
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by what percentage does delirium increase risk of mortality?
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200% (2 fold)
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what is apraxia?
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inability to carry out complex motor activities
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what is agnosia?
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failure to indentify objects even when sensory function if intact
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T or F: the level of consciousness is not impaired in patients with delerium?
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F - delerium is associated with decreased consciousness, but dementia is not
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
symptoms develop abruptly (hours to days) |
delerium
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Attention is impaired |
delerium
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Level of consciousness fluctuates |
delerium
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Speech is often incoherent |
delerium
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
symptoms developed insiduously over time (weeks to months) |
dementia
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Attention is relatively preserved until advanced stages |
dementia
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Level of consciousness is normal except in advanced cases |
dementia
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Speech is often ordered and coherent |
dementia
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Is this describing dementia or delerium?
Attention and wakefulness are always distrubed |
delerium
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what four primary diagnoses causing dementia include?
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1. pervasive developmental disorders (EX Autism) [50%]
2. Multiple-infarct dementia (silent strokes)[10%] 3. Alcoholism [10%] 4. Mixed disorders [10-15%] |
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why is it important to determine the etiological causes of dementia?
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1/3 of the underlying causes may require treatment
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what are the "plaques" seen in alzheimer's disease caused by
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Beta-amyloid which is mutated as a result of mutations on chromosome 21
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what tertameric protein can be found in high levels in the CSF in patients with Alzheimers?
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Tau protein
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describe the formation of neuritic plaques?
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beta amyloid forms the core and abnormal tau proteins plaque bind around it
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what important transfer enzyme has reduced activity in Alzheimers?
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Choline Acetyl Transferase (CAT) [30-40% normal]
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which drugs has the most proven efficacy for treatment of Alzheimers
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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what type of drug is cognex?
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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what type of drug is donepezil?
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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what type of drug is galantamine?
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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what type of drug is rivastigmine?
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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