The Mind, Anxiety Disorders

Front 1

what is anxiety?

Back 1

a response to an unknown threat, or is internal, vague or conflictual

Front 2

what is an anxiety disorder?

Back 2

occurs when a high level of anxiety persists or recurs that causes interference with social and occupational functioning

Front 3

which type of anxiety disorder does this describe?

-Discrete period of intense fear or discomfort
-Develops abruptly
-Peaks within 10 minutes, lasts 20 minutes to up to 8 hours (most resolve in 30-40 min)
-Not induced by a substance/medical illness
-Up to 20% may have syncope

Back 3

panic disorder

Front 4

what are two criteria which m,ust be met in order to diagnose panic disorder?

Back 4

1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
2. At least one of the attacks has been followed by
~one month (or more) of
persistent concern about having additional attacks
~worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”)
~a significant change in behavior related to the attacks

Front 5

What does this describe?

-Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help may not be available in the event of a panic attack
-Situations are avoided or endured with marked distress; or require the presence of a companion
-Not accounted for by another mental disorders

Back 5

Agoraphobia

Front 6

describe the development of a panic attack?

Back 6

1. low level of anxiety builds slowly until trigger point
2. after trigger anxiety rapidly increases for 10 minutes
3. at peak after 10 minutes, anxiety decreases to normal over a period of 20 minutes

Front 7

what is the usual age of onset for panic disorder?

Back 7

20's

Front 8

how effective is treatment for panic disorders?

Back 8

70% will improve with treatment, however, total remission is rarely seen

Front 9

who is more likely to get a panic attack, men or women?

Back 9

women

Front 10

of those seeking cardiology evaluations, how many may have panic disorder as the underlying cause?

Back 10

50%

Front 11

what is the first and second most likely co-morbid illnesses/problems people with panic disorder present with?

Back 11

1. Depression (50%)
2. Substance abuse (20%)

Front 12

what is the most important feature of panic disorder, even in individuals without co-morbid depression?

Back 12

high suicide rate

Front 13

what are the two psychological theories which attempt to explain panic disorder?

Back 13

1. Psychoanalytical-repression
2. Behavioral-conditioned response

Front 14

describe the Psychoanalytical-repression explanation of panic disorder?

Back 14

you repress disturbing thoughts into subconsciousness and when the thoughts are very strong the break into consciousness in a distorted way causing anxiety

Front 15

describe the Behavioral-conditioned response explanation for panic disorder?

Back 15

Paired stimuli such as driving a car and being in an accident cause anxiety when getting into a car, we are conditioned be experience to be anxious when experiencing a situation we were traumatized in

Front 16

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is very effective for treating Panic Disorder. What does the cognitive part adress?

Back 16

recognizing incorrect thoughts that cause an increase in anxitey symptoms and replacing those thoughts with thoughts that decrease anxiety

Front 17

What anxiety disorder does this describe?

Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not, for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities

The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Back 17

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Front 18

Who is the prototypical GAD patient?

Back 18

Woman, African American, younger that 30

Front 19

What anxiety disorder does this describe?

A marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. The individual fears that he/she will act in a way that will humiliating or embarrassing

Exposure to the feared social situation almost invariably provokes anxiety, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed panic attack

Back 19

Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)

Front 20

what are the 3 catagories of phobias?

Back 20

1. Agoraphobia (fear of "going out" where escape is not possible
2. Social Phobia (fear of humiliation or embarrassment in public
3. Specific Phobia (fear of specific things or situations)

Front 21

what is the prevalence of social phobia in the general population?

Back 21

12%

Front 22

who is more likely to have social phobia, males or females?

Back 22

they have equal chance

Front 23

When is the mean onset of social phobia?

Back 23

mid-teens

Front 24

what is a good distinguisher between a social phobia and avoidant personality disorder?

Back 24

persons with avoidant personality disorder feel like people will hurt them, where as the social phobia is more of embarrassment

Front 25

What anxiety disorder does this describe?

Marked or persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation

Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally predisposed Panic Attack

Back 25

Specific Phobia

Front 26

before what age do most cases of specific phobias occur?

Back 26

12, but DSM IV says it must occure before 18

Front 27

what aspect of OCD does this describe?

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are
Intrusive and inappropriate
Cause anxiety or distress
Not excessive worries about real-life problems

The patient attempts to ignore or suppress the thought or to neutralize them with some thought or action
Recognized as a product of their own mind

Back 27

OCD Obsession

Front 28

what aspect of OCD does this describe?

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
Feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly

The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at
Preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation
But the behavior or acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive

Back 28

OCD Compulsion

Front 29

compulsions/obsessions must occupy what amount of time each day to be considered interfering with daily living?

Back 29

1 hour each day

Front 30

what age range is the onset of OCD most likely?

Back 30

17-22 with almost all cases manifesting before the age of 30

Front 31

who has an earlier onset of OCD, males or females?

Back 31

males

Front 32

what percentage of patients with OCD also have depression?

Back 32

70-80%

Front 33

what are the chances (percentage) of a first degree relative of a person with OCD of getting OCD?

Back 33

20%

Front 34

how can you tell the difference between a schizophrenic delusion and an OCD obsession?

Back 34

OCD patients realize there obsessions as being of internal origin and abnormal

Front 35

What is the most effective way to treat compulsions of OCD?

Back 35

behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention - even better when given with medication

Front 36

Ned just had a very bad car accident at a car wash. Now he avoids car washes, is having trouble feeling love or other strong emotions, no longer finds joy in his favorite past-times, and has trouble sleeping. What does he suffer from?

Back 36

PTSD

Front 37

How long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of PTSD to be made?

Back 37

>1 month

Front 38

what percentage of the population suffers from PTSD?

Back 38

7%

Front 39

describe the sleep distrubances that occur in PTSD?

Back 39

decreased rapid eye movement in Stage IV sleep

Front 40

What do the following symptoms describe?

Either while experiencing or after experiencing the distressing event, the individual has three or more of the following dissociative symptoms

A subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or absence of emotional responsiveness
A reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings (e.g., “being in a daze”)
Derealization
Depersonalization
Dissociative amnesia (i.e., inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma)

Back 40

Acute Stress Disorder

Front 41

what is the time frame for the development of Acute Stress Disorder?

Back 41

within 4 weeks of the traumatic event, and lasting 2 days to 4 weeks

Front 42

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

Out of the blue high degree of anxiety

Back 42

Panic disorder

Front 43

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

Reminder of Trauma

Back 43

PTSD

Front 44

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?
During a stressor/trauma

Back 44

Acute Stress Disorders

Front 45

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

Fear of public embarrasment

Back 45

social phobia

Front 46

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

Fear of an event/object/being

Back 46

specific phobia

Front 47

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

not able to perform compulsion

Back 47

OCD

Front 48

Describe the disorder associated with this trigger?

Chronic anxiety without panic attacks

Back 48

Generalized anxiety disorder

Front 49

Do people actually realize that their fear is excessive and unreasonable with social phobia (social anxiety disorder?

Back 49

Yes

Front 50

What anxiety disorder is described below?

The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared social or performance situation interferes significantly with person’s routine, occupational functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.

Back 50

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social phobia)

Front 51

Jennifer has anorexia nervosa and does not like to go out to eat in a public place because of her disorder. Does she suffer from a social phobia?

Back 51

No, the fear in social phobia is not of fear of stuttering, trembling in Parkinson's disease, or exhibiting abnormal eating behavior in anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

Front 52

If a person who is thought to have Social phobia is scared of most social situations, what other diagnosis might be possible?

Back 52

Avoidant Personality Disorder