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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the long acting benzodiazepine we have to know?
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diazepam
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what are the two short acting benzodiazepine drugs we have to know?
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1. lorazepam
2. alprazolam |
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what is the hypnotic benzodiazepine drug we have to know?
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temazepam
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what is the benzodiazepine drug that is used to to treat absence seizures and possibly panic attack and is commonly used?
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clonazepam
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explain why benzodiazepines are not as dangerous for overdose as barbiturates?
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barbituates can open Cl- channels directly where as benzodiazepines can only potentiate the action of already bound GABA on GABA receptors responsible for hypnotic effects
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what can block the agonist and inverse agonist effects of benzodiasepines on the GABA receptor and is used in mixed overdoses?
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flumazenil
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which of these benzodiazepines have a long half-life due to conversion to multiple active metabolites?
Temazepam Lorazepam Prazepam Midazolam Diazepam Alprazolam Oxazepam Clorazepate Triazolam Halazepam Alprazolam Chlordiazepoxide |
Diazepam
Prazepam Clorazepate Halazepam |
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which of these benzodiazepines have a short half-life due to conversion to one active metabolites?
Temazepam Lorazepam Prazepam Midazolam Diazepam Alprazolam Oxazepam Clorazepate Triazolam Halazepam Alprazolam Chlordiazepoxide |
Alprazolam
Triazolam |
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what is one of the most important factors that make benzodiazepine commonly used for treatment?
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duration of action is short
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what are the 3 major side-effect of benzo's?
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1. impairment of motor skills
2. amnesia 3. occasional disinhibition |
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how long does it take to develop a physical dependence on BZ's?
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months
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how long is the normal treatment window for BZ's?
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1 month
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are withdrawal symptoms worse with short or long-lasting BZ's?
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short-acting because the levels rapidly drop after intake stops
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what are the 2 BZ's which are commonly used to treat panic disorders?
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Clonazepam and Alprazolam
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What drug is a partial 5-HT1A agonist with a 2 week onset, side effects that don't match BZ's (non physical dependence, sedation, or motor impairment), and has non-approved uses including mild depression, SSRI sexual dysfunction, and OCD add-on?
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Buspirone
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Why has the herbal extract kava been banned from some countries?
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interacts with BZ's causing liver toxicity
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Name this drug?
has a non-benzodiazepine structure but binds preferentially to one of the three benzodiazepine receptor subtypes (the BZ-1 or omega-1). It has hypnotic effects with favorable kinetics, does not alter sleep stages and has less antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects than antianxiety benzodiazepines. Effective for months, it produces only rare rebound insomnia. It may cause hangover in some and memory ,impairment 30 minutes later. Side effects include dizziness, sleep walking and sleep talking. Memory impairment after the dosage and driving impairment in the morning after taking a dose in the middle of the night are both impaired. |
Zolpidem (Ambien)
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What drug is this?
Acts on the omega-1 subunit. Its onset and duration of action are both short. It is less likely to produce memory impairment or residual driving impairment. In Japanese and possible other Asian groups its peak levels and duration are greater. It has numerous metabolic interactions, including those with valerian and kava. Side effects have a low incidence and include constipation, nausea, asthenia, paresthesia and anmesia. |
Zaleplon (Sonata)
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What is the sleep medication that has slower onset and longer duration of action than sonata or ambien?
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Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
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What are the two BZ's that can be used as sleep aids?
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1. Temazepam
2. Triazolam |
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Which sleep aid do you want to avoid in anyone who could have to wake up at some point during the night due to severe disorientation effect?
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Triazolam (EX mother of newborn infant)
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describe the effects of BZ's on sleep patterns?
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Increase stage 2, some decrease deep sleep, variable effects on REM sleep (patients describe as refreshing sleep)
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what side effect can short-acting diazepines cause when used as sleep aids?
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rebound anxiety the next day
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which BZ sleep aid has the highest degree of rebound anxiety and insomnia?
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Triazolam
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what are the 2 barbiturates which can be used as anesthetics?
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thiopental and thioamylal (both are considered oxybarbituates
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Thiopental and Thioamylal can be used as anesthetics because of which of their properties?
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highly lipid soluble to reach brain very rapidly
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what is the long duration barbiturate that can be used as a anticonvulsant?
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phenobarbital
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describe the effect of barbiturates on sleep?
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decrease latency to sleep and decrease REM sleep
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which has worse withdrawal symptoms, barbiturates or BZ's?
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barbiturates
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how many times the therapeutic dose do signs of overdose become evident?
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10x, with 20x usually resulting in death
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why wouldnt you give a barbituate to someone who is having trouble sleeping because of pain?
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they act as hyperanalgesics
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when is the biggest contraindication to the use of barbiturates?
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acute intermittent porphyria
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what are the uses (3) for barbiturates?
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1. hypnotics in people not responding to BZ's
2. Anesthetic adjuncts 3. Anticonvulsants |
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which two drugs convert into trichloroethanol, eps. in presence of ethanol, and can be used as a date rape drug?
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1. Chloral Hydrate
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when prescribing barbiturates, what is important to stress to patients about frequency of use?
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only use every 2nd or 3rd night
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what sleeping disorder should avoid use of barbiturate sleep aids?
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people with sleep-apnea
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what are the 3 drugs which can be used to treat restless syndrome?
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1. clonazepam
2. carbamazepine 3. quinine |
