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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How large is the liver? Which lobe is larger? Where is the gallbladder positioned?
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4 lb.--the right--under the right lobe
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From where does the blood supply for the liver originate?
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25% from the hepatic artery and 75% from the hepatic portal vein
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Name the nine functions of the liver(the mexican organ).
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Metabolic processing, detox, plasma protein synth., storage, Vitamin D activation, bacteria and old RBC removal, excretion of cholesterol and bilirubin, bile salt production, and somatomedin production
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What is the basic functional unit of the liver? How many do we have? What is in the center of the doughnut shape?
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The Lobule--500 to 1000--central vein that drains to the hepatic vein
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What are the spaces between rows of cells that represent liver capillaries? What special cell type do they contain? What does this cell do?
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Sinusoids--Kupffer Cells--removes bacteria and dead RBC's
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What structure drains bile from the liver to the gallbladder?
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Bile canaliculi
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What is defined as an increase in resistance to flow in the liver? What does it result in? What else?
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Cirrhosis--Edema because of replacement of liver tissue with connective tissue--Vericoele which is a pooling of blood in the capillaries leading to the portal system resulting in rupture
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Where do the bile cannaliculi drain to?
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The hepatic ducts
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What is the name for the sphincter on the hepatic ducts that controls bile flow?
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The Sphincter of Oddi
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What controls Sphincter of Oddi activity?
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Cholecystokinin(produced by the intestinal mucus in response to undigested fat presence) and Secretin(not as important)
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Does bile contain cholesterol? Stercobilin? Urobilin? Lecithin?
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Yes--No--No-Yes
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What are the two functions of bile salts?
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Emulsification and micelle formation
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What does emulsification do?
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Pulls apart large fat globule so water soluble lipases can digest it
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What is the name for the absorbed form of micelles?
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Cholymicrons
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Are bile salts reused?
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Yes they are reabsorbed by the ilium
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What does cholesterol do in the bile?
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No known function but it can cause problems as gallstones
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What are three treatment options for gallstones?
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Sphincterotomy, Actigall(dissolves CHOLESTEROL stones only), and Lithotripsey(sound blast)
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What are the four types of carbohydrate metabolism that the liver carries out?
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Monosach. processing to G6P, Gluconeogenisis, and Glycogen Metabolism
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How is glucose transported from the liver sinusoids to the hepatocytes?
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Through Carrier Facilitated Diffusion
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What is the name for breaking glycogen back to glucose?
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Glycogenolysis
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What are some protein related functions of the liver?
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Plasma protein synthesis,transamination to make needed amino acids, and urea synthesis to eliminate ammonia
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What are some lipids that are processed or produced by the liver?
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Lipoproteins, cholesterol(made de novo), and phospholipids(produced by the liver for cell membranes)
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Describe the different lipoproteins processed by the liver.
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VLDL's, LDL's(bad cause this liver to organ transport), and HDL's(good cause this is organs to liver transport)
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What are drugs that reduce cholesterol? Name them. How do they work?
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Hypolipidemic drugs--Lipitor and Zocor which work by blocking cholesterol synth; Zetia which works by blocking cholesterol absorption
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What two things besides glucose does the liver store really well?
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Fat Soluble Vitamins(A,K,D) and iron
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Endogenous and exogenous toxins are processed by what? What does this impact to a great extent?
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The liver--Pharmacology
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What two hormonal activities is the liver directly involved in?
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Conversion of thyroxine(T4) to T3 and production of somatomedins which mediate GH
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What is the most common Hepatits in the U.S.? Foreign countries? What is the most dangerous? Which two are sexually transmitted? Which of these two does severe liver damage?
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Hep A--Hep E--HDV--Hep B and Hep C--Hep C
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