The Male Reproductive System Chapter 9

Front 1

spermatozoon *sperm cell*

Back 1

the male sex cell

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sperm cell

Back 2

microscopic in volume, only one 3rd the sizeof red blood cell and less than 1/100,000 the size of the female ovum. Has a head a nucleus and Flagellum (tail)

Front 3

sperm cell head

Back 3

containing the nuclear hereditary material *chromosomes*

Front 4

flagellum

Back 4

(hair-like process) tail of the sperm makes the sperm motile

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1 out of 300 million

Back 5

how many sperm will released during a single ejaculation will penetrate a single ovum and result in fertilization?

Front 6

spermatozoa

Back 6

many sperm at once

Front 7

Multiple fertilizations are are possible

Back 7

If more than one egg is travelling down the fallopian tube when sperm are present, the result can be what? (twins, triplets, quadruplets)

Front 8

Fraternal twins

Back 8

twins resulting from the fertilization of seperate ova by separate sperm cells are called?

Front 9

Identical twins

Back 9

result from fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm. As the fertilized egg cell divides and forms many cells, it somehow splits, and each part continues to undergo further division, each producing an embryo.

Front 10

Identical twins def 2

Back 10

Most identical twins have one placenta and two amniotic sas. Identical twins are always of the same sex and are very similar in form and feature.

Front 11

Testosterone

Back 11

hormone responsible for the production of the bodily characteristics of the male (such as beard, pubic hair, and deeper voice) and for the proper development of male gonads (testes) and accessory organs (prostate gland and seminal vesicles) that secrete fluids to ensure the lubrication and viability of sperm.

Front 12

Each male gonad is called?

Back 12

a testis.

Front 13

testes

Back 13

(plural for testis) develop in the abdommen at about the level of the kidneys before descending during embryonic development into the scrotum.

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Scrotum

Back 14

a sac that encloses each testes on the outside of the body. The scrotum, exposes the testes to a lower temperature than that of the rest of the body.

Front 15

Lower temperature?

Back 15

is necessary for the adequate maturation and development of sperm.

Front 16

spermatogenesis

Back 16

the development, maturation and formation of sperm

Front 17

Perineum

Back 17

located between the anus and the scrotum at the floor of the pelvic cavity in the male; it is analogous to the perineal region in the female

Front 18

seminiferous tubules

Back 18

the interior of a testis is composed of a large mass of narrow, coiled tubules called? These tubules contain contain cells that manufacture spermatozoa. These tubules are the parenchymal tissue of the testis, which means that they perform the essentail work of the organ (formation of sperm).

Front 19

Interstitial cells

Back 19

they manufacture an immportant male hormone, testosterone.

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All body organs...

Back 20

contain parenchyma, which perform the essential functions of the organ.

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stromal tissue

Back 21

Organs also contain supportive, connective, and frameowrk tissue, such as blood vessels, connective tissues, and sometimes muscle as well. This supportive tissue is called?? (stroma)

Front 22

Epididymis

Back 22

the upper part of each testis. The spermatozoa mature, become motile in this region and are temporarily stored there. The ____ runs down the length of each testile (the coiled tube is about 16 feet long) and then turns upward again and becomes a narrow, straight tube.

Front 23

Vas deferens

Back 23

narrow straight tube in the testis. also known as ductus deferens. Are about 2 feet long and carries the sperm up into the pelvic region, at the level of the urinary bladder merging with the from the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct

Front 24

vasectomy (sterilization)

Back 24

the urologist cuts and ties off each vas deferens by making an incision in the scrotum.

Front 25

the seminal vesicles

Back 25

two glands located at the base of the bladder, open into the ejaculatory duct as it joins the urthera. They secrete a thick, sugary, yellowish substance that nourishes the sperm cells and forms a portion of ejaculated semen.

Front 26

Semen

Back 26

a combination of fluid (seminal fluid) and spermatozoa (sperm cells account for less than 1% of semen volume) is ejected from the body through the urethra

Front 27

prostate gland

Back 27

lies at the region where the vas deferens enters the urthetra almost encircling the upper end of the urthera. It secretes a thick fluid that, as part of semen, aids the motility of the sperm. The muscular tissue of the prostate aids in the expulsion of fluid during ejactualtion. About 60% of ejaculate comes from seminal vesicles and 40% from the prostate.

Front 28

Bulbourethral glands

Back 28

lying below the prostate gland, also secrete fluid into the urethra.

Front 29

Penis

Back 29

urethra passes through the ____ to the outside of the body. The penis is an organ composed of erectile tissue

Front 30

Glans penis

Back 30

sensitive, soft region called the ?

Front 31

prepuce, foreskin

Back 31

a fold of skin covers the glans penis.

Front 32

Circumcision

Back 32

the foreskin is removed, leaving the glans penis visible at all times.

Front 33

Erectile dysfunction

Back 33

impotence is the inability of the adult male to achieve an erection. Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), and Leevitra (vardenafil) are drugs that increase blood flow to the penis, enhancing ability to have an erection.

Front 34

bulbourethral glands def 2

Back 34

pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands.

Front 35

ejaculation

Back 35

ejection of the sperm and fluid from the male urthra

Front 36

ejaculatory duct

Back 36

tube through which semen enters the male urethra

Front 37

epididymis (plural: epididymides)

Back 37

one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries the sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

Front 38

flagellum

Back 38

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move).

Front 39

The Passage of Sperm

Back 39

1. seminiferous tubules

2. epididymis

3. vas deferens

4. ejaculatory duct

5. urethra

6. penis

Front 40

identical twins def 2

Back 40

two infants resulting from divison of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos.

Front 41

Conjoined ("Siamese twins")

Back 41

incompletely separated identical twins

Front 42

interstitial cells of the testes

Back 42

specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Laydig cells.

Front 43

seminal vesicles def 2

Back 43

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid ( a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

Front 44

andr/o

Back 44

male

Front 45

balan/o

Back 45

glans penis (greek balanos, means acorn)

Front 46

cry/o

Back 46

cold

Front 47

crypt/o

Back 47

hidden

Front 48

epididym/o

Back 48

epididymis

Front 49

gon/o

Back 49

seed (greek gone, seed)

Front 50

hydr/o

Back 50

water, fluid

Front 51

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

Back 51

testis, testicle

Front 52

pen/o

Back 52

penis

Front 53

prostat/o

Back 53

prostate gland

Front 54

semin/i

Back 54

semen, seed

Front 55

sperm/o, spermat/o

Back 55

spermatozoa, semen

Front 56

terat/o

Back 56

monster (greek teras, monster)

Front 57

varic/o

Back 57

varicose veins

Front 58

vas/o

Back 58

vessel duct; vas deferens

Front 59

zo/o

Back 59

animal life

Front 60

-genesis

Back 60

formation

Front 61

-one

Back 61

hormone

Front 62

-pexy

Back 62

fixation, put in place

Front 63

-stomy

Back 63

new opening

Front 64

androgen

Back 64

male hormone (testosterone is a an androgen) the testes in males and the adrenal glands in both men and women produce?

Front 65

balanitis

Back 65

inflammation of the glans penis

Front 66

cryogenic surgery

Back 66

use of cold to destroy by freezing

Front 67

cryptorchidism

Back 67

the testes do not descend from the abdomen it is a congenital condition

Front 68

epididymitis

Back 68

inflammation of the epididymis

Front 69

gonorrhea

Back 69

STI inflammation of the genital tract

Front 70

hydrocele

Back 70

herniation with water

Front 71

orchiectomy

Back 71

removal of the testes. castration in males (also called orchidectomy)

Front 72

orchitis

Back 72

inflammation of the testes (caused by injury or by the mumps virus, which also infects the salivary glands)

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penile

Back 73

pertaining to the penis

Front 74

penoscrotal

Back 74

pertaining to the penis and scrotum

Front 75

prostatitis

Back 75

inflammation of the prostate gland (bacterial E.coli prostattis often is associated with urethritis and infection of the lower urinary tract.)

Front 76

prostatectomy

Back 76

surgical removal of the prostate

Front 77

seminiferous tubules def 2

Back 77

bearing semen; ducts produce sperm in the testes

Front 78

-ferous

Back 78

means pertaining to bearing, or bearing or carrying

Front 79

spermolytic

Back 79

pertaining to destruction of sperm

Front 80

oligospermia

Back 80

scanty sperm

Front 81

aspermia

Back 81

lack of semen (sperm and fluid) One cause of aspermia is retrograde ejaculation (sperms flows backward into the urinary bladder) as a result of prostate surgery.

Front 82

teratoma

Back 82

tumor composed of many types of tissue. this tumor occurs in the testes or ovaries and is composed of different types of tissue, such as bone, hair, cartilage, and skin cells Teratomas in the testes are malignant.

Front 83

testicular

Back 83

pertaining to the testicles

Front 84

varicocele

Back 84

a collection of varicose (swollen, twisted) veins above the testis.

Front 85

vasectomy

Back 85

incision of the vas deferens to sterilize

Front 86

azoospermia

Back 86

lack of sperm in semen. Causes include testicular dysfunction, chemotherapy blockage of the epididymis, and vasectomy

Front 87

spermatogenesis

Back 87

the formation of sperm cells and testosterone

Front 88

testosterone

Back 88

male hormone ster/o indicates that this is a type of steroid compound. Examples of other steroids are estrogen, cortisol, and progesterone.

Front 89

orchiopexy

Back 89

surgical fixation of the testes. (a surgical procedure to correct cryptochidism.)

Front 90

vasovasostomy

Back 90

reversal of vasectomy; a urolgosit rejoins the cut ends of the vas deferens.

Front 91

carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)

Back 91

malignant tumor of the testicles (testicular tumors are rare except in the 15 to 35-year-old age group. The most common tumor a seminoma arises from embryonic cells in the testes.

Front 92

nonseminomatous tumors

Back 92

embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac tumor

Front 93

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

Back 93

undescended testes (orchiopexy is performed to bring the testes into the scrotum, if they do not descend on their own by 1 to 2 years of age. Undeescended testicles are associated with a high risk for sterility and increased risk of developing testicular cancer.

Front 94

hydrocele

Back 94

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum (hydroceles may be congenital or occur as a response to infection or tumors. Often idiopathic, they can be differentiated from testicular masses by ultrasound imaging.

Front 95

testicular torion

Back 95

twisting of the spermatic cord

Front 96

varicocele

Back 96

enlarged dilated veins near the testicle. varicocele may be associated with oligospermia and azoospermia.

Front 97

BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 97

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland. (BPH is a common condition in men older than 60 years of age. Urinary obstruction and inability to empty the bladder completely are symptoms.

Front 98

TURP transurethral resection of the prostate

Back 98

TURP transurethral resection of the prostate

Front 99

Greenlight PVP

Back 99

procedure uses a green light laser at the end of an endoscope

Front 100

carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)

Back 100

malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland. (This cancer commonly occurs in men who are older than 50 years.

Front 101

Digital Rectal Examination

Back 101

(DRE)

Front 102

PSA TEST (prostate-specific antigen test)

Back 102

prostate-specific antigen test. (PSA)

Front 103

PSA

Back 103

a protein tht is secreted by tumor cells into the bloodstream. PSA levels are elevated in prostate cancer patients even at an early stage of tumor growth. The normal psa level is 4.0 ng/ml or less

Front 104

transrectal ultrasound (trus)

Back 104

transrectal ultrasound guides the precise placement of the biopsy needle.

Front 105

hypospadias

Back 105

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip.

Front 106

phimosis

Back 106

narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis. phim/o - muzzle

Front 107

chlyamydial infection

Back 107

bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract. Antibiotics cure the infection, but if untreated, this STD can cause salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility in women

Front 108

gonorrhea

Back 108

Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria) other areas of the body such as the eye, oral mucosa, rectum and joints may be affected as well. Signs and symptoms include dysuria and a yellow, mucopurulent (purulent means pus-filled) discharge from the male urethra. When treating these infections, doctors give antibiotics for both and treat both partners

Front 109

herpes genitalis

Back 109

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Most cases of herpes genitalis are caused by HSV type 2 (although some are caused by HSV type 1, which commonly is associated with oral infections such as cold sores or fever blisters). The usual clinical presentation is reddening of sking with formation of small, fluid-filled blisters and ulcers Initial episodes maybe include inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, headache, and malaise. Remissions and relapse periods occur; no drug is known to be effective as a cure.

Front 110

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Back 110

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus. some types of HPV cause genital warts and lead to cancer of the cervix as well as cancer in men. A vaccine is available.

Front 111

syphilis

Back 111

chronic std caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium) A chancre (hard ulcer or sore) usually appears on the external genitalia a few weeks after bacterial infection two to six months after the chancre disappears, secondary syphilis begins. can be congenital in the fetus if it is transmitted from the mother during pregnancy. Penicillian is effective for treatmment in most cases.

Front 112

PSA test

Back 112

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood.

Front 113

semen analysis

Back 113

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid. sterility can result in an adult male who becomes ill with mumps, an infectious disease affecting the testes (inflammation leads to deterioration of spermatozoa).

Front 114

castration

Back 114

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries. when a boy is castrated before puberty, he becomes a eunuch (greek, une, couch; echein, to guard) male secondary sex characteristics fail to develop

Front 115

circumcision

Back 115

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

Front 116

photoseletive vaporization of the prostate (greenlight pvp)

Back 116

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP)

Front 117

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Back 117

Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra. this procedure treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Front 118

NOTE:

Back 118

the resectoscope contains a light, valves for controlling irrigating fluid, and an electrical loop that cuts tissue and seals blood vessels. The urologist uses a wire loop through the resectoscope to remove obstructing tissue one piece at a time. The pieces are carried by the fluid into the bladder and flushed out at the end of the operation

Front 119

ED

Back 119

erectile dysfunction

Front 120

GU

Back 120

genitourinary

Front 121

HSV

Back 121

herpes simplex virus

Front 122

NSU

Back 122

non specific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)

Front 123

PIN

Back 123

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precurosr of prostate cancer

Front 124

RPR

Back 124

rapid plasma reagin (test) a test for syphilis

Front 125

STD

Back 125

sexually transmitted disease

Front 126

STI

Back 126

sexually transmitted infection

Front 127

TUIP

Back 127

transurethral incision of the prostate successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP

Front 128

TUNA

Back 128

transurethral needle ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue

Front 129

RM's Flashcards

Back 129

Chapter 9