The Male Reproductive System

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Another name for reproductive cells is

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gametes

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The male organs of reproduction are the

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testes

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The two products of the testes are sperm cells and

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hormones

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Suspended below the perineum is a fleshy pouch containing the testes called the

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scrotum

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The boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum is a raised thickening known as the

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raphe

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In the dermis of the scrotum there is a thin layer of muscle called the

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dartos

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The smooth muscle in the dermis of the scrotum contracts to give the scrotum a characteristic appearance of

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wrinkling

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Within the fetus, the testes have moved into the scrotum by the end of month number

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seven

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The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is called

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cryptorchidism

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The nerves, ducts, and blood vessels emerging from the testes together form the

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spermatic cord

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The canal through which the spermatic cord passes into the peritoneal cavity is the

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inguinal canal

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The tightly coiled tubules of the testes are known as

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seminiferous tubules

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Protecting the developing sperm from the male's immune system are the

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Sertoli cells

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The hormone-producing cells lying between the seminiferous tubules are

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interstitial cells

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The interstitial cells of the testes are responsible for producing

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sex hormones

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The plexus formed by the union of the seminiferous tubules is the

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rete testis

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Efferent ducts arising from the rete testes enter the tubule called the

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epididymis

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The process through which sperm cells are produced is

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spermatogenesis

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Sperm cells are formed from primordial cells known as

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spermatogonia

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The process of spermatogenesis takes place in the

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seminiferous tubules

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The cells produced by duplication of the spermatogonia are

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spermatocytes

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The cellular process by which spermatocytes form spermatids is called

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meiosis

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Spermatids will mature to form sperm cells, also known as

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spermatozoa

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During the process of meiosis a spermatocyte with 46 chromosomes will produce a spermatid having chromosomes that number

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23

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The chromosomes of the sperm cell are packed into the region of the cell known as the

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head

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Enzymes important in fertilization are contained in the tip of the head of the sperm cell called the

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acrosome

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The mitochondria of the sperm cell are contained in a portion of the cell known as the

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midpiece

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The tail of the sperm cell provides motion by acting as a(n)

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flagellum

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The site of sperm cell maturation over a period of about two weeks is a duct called the

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epididymis

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The duct where damaged sperm cells and debris are absorbed is the

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epididymis

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Another name for the vas deferens is the

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ductus deferens

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The tubular extension of the epididymis that extends through the inguinal canal is the

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vas deferens

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Just before reaching the prostate gland, the vas deferens enlarges to a portion called the

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ampulla

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Within the abdominal cavity, the vas deferens passes over the top and posterior surface of the

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urinary bladder

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At the ampulla, the vas deferens joins with the duct leading from the

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seminal vesicles

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The duct passing from the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis is the

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urethra

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The three portions of the urethra are the membranous urethra, the penile urethra, and the

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prostatic urethra

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The penile portion of the urethra receives secretions from the

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bulbourethral glands

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Prostaglandins and nutrient fluids are added to the sperm cells by the

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seminal vesicles

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An alkaline fluid contributing to sperm motility is produced by a gland encircling the urethra called the

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prostate gland

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Older males may experience interference with urination if there is enlargement of the

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prostate gland

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Two small glands situated at the base of the penis are called bulbourethral glands, or

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Cowper's glands

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The root, shaft, and glans are three portions of the

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penis

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Most of the body of the penis consists of tissue that is

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erectile

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Erection of the penis takes place after the accumulation of

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blood

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The opening of the penis to the exterior is the

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external urethral meatus

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The ejaculate contains sperm cells that number approximately

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20 million to 100 million per mL

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Spermatogenesis is stimulated by the pituitary hormone known as

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follicle stimulating hormone

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The male hormone that promotes sperm cell maturation and maintains the accessory organs is called

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testosterone

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The general name for male hormones that accelerate puberty and initiate sexual maturation is

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androgens