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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Function of Lungs |
Site of gas exchange |
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What is the lungs made out of? |
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles and Alveoli |
T, B, B, A |
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Function of Trachea, Bronchi and Bronchioles |
Transport of air and filter air |
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Structure of Trachea/Bronchi |
C shape cartilage - which is strong so that it does not collapse
It is shapes as a C - for flexibility
Lining made out if goblet and ciliated cells - The goblet (Traps pathogen/particles) | The cell has cilia which pushes mucus up and out of lungs |
C shape Goblet and Ciliated |
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Structure of bronchioles |
Wall - smooth muscle Lining - goblet and cliated epithelial cell |
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Adaptation of alveoli |
Millions of tiny alveoli folded, this creates a large surface area
The walls are thin/one cell thick - this allows a shorter diffusion distance
Has elastic tissues this stretches when breathing in which increases surface area, then it recoils when air breathing out |
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Adaptation of capillaries (Give at least 2) |
Millions of tiny capillaries which gives a large surface area
Thin walls/One cell thick which gives a shorter diffusion distance
Maintains concentration gradient ( Low O2 and High CO2 )
Narrow Lumen - Increases diffusion time which decreases diffusion distance |
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How does oxygen and carbon dioxide travel through the alveoli and capillaries? |
Simple diffusion |
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What is the equation for pulmonary ventilation? |
Tidal volume X Ventilation rate |
Tidal * Ventilation |
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Describe the process of Breathing in / Inhalation |
The external intercostal muscles contract - the rib cage moves up and out - the diaphragm flattens (contracts) therefore it increases the volume in chest and decrease in pressure so air moves in |
External intercostal muscles - rib - up and out diaphragm - contracts
+ volume in chest - pressure = air in |
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Describe the process of Breathing out / Expiration |
External intercostal muscles relax - rib cage moves down and in - diaphragm relaxes therefore there is a decrease in volume in the chest and increase volume in pressure so air moves out (aided by elastic recoil in alveoli) |
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