The Liver

Front 1

The liver is a _____ gland that secretes bile thru ducts only, and is the largest gland in the body

Back 1

endocrine

Front 2

_____ is a fibrous covering of most of the liver

Back 2

Glisson's Capsule

Front 3

_____ is an area not covered by glisson's capsule that rests on the diaphragm

Back 3

bare area

Front 4

_____ is a midline structure posterior to the left lobe that lies anterior to the IVC and posterior to the ligamentum venosum

Back 4

caudate lobe

Front 5

______ is the largest lobe of the liver divided into anterior and posterior segments

Back 5

right lobe

Front 6

______ is a midline structure divided into lateral and medial segments

Back 6

Left lobe

Front 7

_____ is not an anatomically distinct lobe. It is the medial segment of the left lobe

Back 7

Quadrate lobe

Front 8

What are the veins of the liver

Back 8

Hepatic and portal

Front 9

______ is the vein that seperates the right and left lobes

Back 9

middle hepatic vein

Front 10

_______ seperates the anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

Back 10

right hepatic vein

Front 11

_____ spearates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

Back 11

Left hepatic Vein

Front 12

Hepatic Veins are _____ which means they divide the segments

Back 12

Intersegmental

Front 13

portal system supplies _______% of total blood to the liver

Back 13

75-80

Front 14

The _____ divides into right and left portal

Back 14

mpv

Front 15

Portal veins are ______ which means they are within the segments

Back 15

intrasegmental

Front 16

_____ connects the posterosuperior surface of the liver to the diaphragm at the margins of the bare area

Back 16

Coronary Ligament

Front 17

_______ connects the liver to anterior abdominal wall and to the diaphragm. It extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm. It contains the ligamentum teres. It borders the upper surface of the right lobe

Back 17

Falciform ligament

Front 18

_____ appears at a bright echogenic focus. Both the ligamentum teres and falciform ligament divide the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe. It is remnant of umbilical vein.

Back 18

LIgamentum Teres aka round ligament

Front 19

______ is an echogenic line that seperates the left lobe from the caudate. It is remnant of the fetal ductus venosus.

Back 19

Ligamentum venosum

Front 20

____ is a boundary between the right and left lobes. It is seen as a hyperechoic line extending from the portal vein to the Gallbladder neck

Back 20

main lobar fissure

Front 21

____ courses with the main lobar fissure. it divides the RLL and LLL or the anterior segment of the RLL from the medial of the LLL

Back 21

Main Hepatic Vein

Front 22

The ______ courses along with the RHV and divides the anterior and posterior segments of the Right Lobe

Back 22

Left intersegmental Fissure

Front 23

What does the liver do?

Back 23

Metabolize fats, carbs, and protiens, produces body heat, filters and detoxifies blood, regulates blood volume, and disposes of old red blood cells, and makes new ones

Front 24

____ is the major byproduct of broken down red blood cells

Back 24

Bile

Front 25

Much of the blood flow to the liver comes from ____ by the portal system

Back 25

bowel

Front 26

The liver converts bloods _____ to _____ and stores it.

Back 26

Glucose to glycogen (when necessary for energy it can quickly convert back to glucose)

Front 27

What are stored in the liver

Back 27

copper, iron, and vitamis

Front 28

The liver makes _____ to filter and destroy bacteria

Back 28

Antibodies

Front 29

It manufactures _____

Back 29

clotting factors

Front 30

______ is the physical and chemical process whereby foodstuffs are synthesized into complex elements, complex substances are transformed into simple ones, and energy is made available for use by the organism

Back 30

metabolism

Front 31

______ is a major component of bile.

Back 31

cholesterol

Front 32

_____ bile is secreted daily

Back 32

1 pint of

Front 33

_____ are a group of lab tests establised to analyze the liver performance under noraml and diseased conditions

Back 33

Liver Function Tests

Front 34

______ is an enzyme present in the liver and tissues of high rate of metabolic activity. An injury causes an elevation in this. Could be a sign of acute hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Back 34

Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST, SGOT)

Front 35

_______ is more specific for liver function. It is specific for hepatocellular damage.

Back 35

Alanine Aminotransferase (alt, sgpt)

Front 36

________ is found in tissues of several systems. An increase could point to hepatitis, cirrhosis, and obstructive jaundice. The primary use is in detection of myocardial or pulmonary infarction

Back 36

Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH)

Front 37

______ is a product of the breakdown, of hemoglobin in tired red blood cells. The liver converts these by products into bile. disturbances cause a rise in serum bilirubin, which leaks into the tissues and thus gives the skin a jaundice or yellow color

Back 37

Bilirubin

Front 38

______ elevation seen with increased RBC destruction( anemias, hematoma, or hemorrahagic pulmonary infarct)

Back 38

Indirect Bilirubin

Front 39

______ is not processed by the liver

Back 39

Unconjucated bilirubin

Front 40

___________ circulates in the blood and is excreted into bile after it reaches the liver and is conjucated. Elevation points to obstructive jaundice from stones or neoplasm.

Back 40

Direct bilirubin

Front 41

______ has been processed by the liver

Back 41

Conjugated Bilirubin

Front 42

__________ is a liver enzyme that is part of clotting. It is increased in cirrhosis and metastatic disease. It will show a decrease in hepatocellular disease.

Back 42

Prothrombin time

Front 43

______ are depressed synthesis of proteins. It is a sensitive test for metabolic derangement of the liver.

Back 43

Albumin and globulins

Front 44

Decreased _____ points to liver disease or cancer

Back 44

cholesterol

Front 45

_____ is the antigen that is most helpful in detecting malignancies of the liver ovary, and testis.

Back 45

AFP- alpha fetaprotein

Front 46

_______ is a glycoprotein that is present in carcinomas and embryonic tissue.

Back 46

CEA- carcinoembryonic antigen

Front 47

______ veins decrease in size as they approach the diaphragm

Back 47

Portal veins

Front 48

________ veins increase in size as they drain toward the diphragm and IVC

Back 48

Hepatic Veins

Front 49

The ______ is a structure seen in short axis anterior to the Right linear crus of the diaphragm noted with medlevel echos and is posterior to the IVC

Back 49

Right renal artery

Front 50

__________ is a toungue like inferior extension of the right lobe as far caudally as the illiac crest and is most common in women

Back 50

Reidel's Lobe

Front 51

__________ iswhen the caudate lobe may have distal papillary process which may be confused with an enlarged lymph node. This process appears as a rounded prominence on the anteroinferior aspect of the caudate lobe

Back 51

papillary process

Front 52

__________ is twith the tip of the left lobe that extends laterally to the spleen

Back 52

elongated left lobe