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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the four lobes of the liver
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Liver has four lobes:
1) right lobe 2) left lobe 3) caudate lobe 4) quadrate lobe |
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Name the blood supply to the liver
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The liver receives blood from two sources:
1) the Hepatic Portal Vein (rich in nutrients from GI tract) 2) the Hepatic Artery (oxygen rich blood) |
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What is the structural and functional unit of the liver?
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The lobule is the structural and functional unit of the liver.
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Describe the structure/anatomy of the lobule.
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The lobule is a six-sided (hexagonal) structure made up of plates of hepatocytes radiating outwards from a central vein.
At each corner is a Portal Triad containing a branch of a vein/artery and a bile duct. |
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How is bile formed?
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Blood entering the lobule is mixed together in the sinusoid, absorbed by the hepatocytes and bile is simultaneously secreted by the hepatocytes into Bile Canaliculi, which lie parallel to the sinusoids. The bile drains into the bile ducts of the Portal Triads and is carried to the Gall Bladder for storage and later release into the duodenum.
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What is the structure at each corner of the lobule and what does it contain?
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At the corner of each lobule is a Portal Triad, which contains a branch of the Hepatic Artery, Hepatic Portal Vein and a Bile Duct.
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Where does arterial and venous blood drain to after mixing in the sinusoids?
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Incoming blood to the liver drains into the Central Vein and leaves the liver via the Hepatic Vein, which empties into the Inferior Vena Cava before returning to the heart.
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True/false: bile and blood flow in opposite directions within the liver?
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True: blood entering the sinusoids flows in the opposite direction to bile leaving the liver.
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Where is the gall bladder located in the abdomen?
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The gall bladder sits below the right lobe of the liver.
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List the main functions of the liver.
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The liver:
1) Metabolism (carbs, fats, protein:deamination, RBCs via Kupffer Cells, Drugs, Hormones) 2) Heat (absorbs heat from other regions) 3) Secretion (1 litre of bile per day, emulsifies fats) 4) Storage (stores glycogen, vitamins ADEK and B12C, minerals and blood) |
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What is "emulsification" and how does it help digestion?
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Emulsification is the breakdown of fats into a suspension of smaller fatty droplets, thus increasing the surface area on which fat digesting enzyme lipase can act.
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Why does liver disease constitute a risk for a patient needing a local anasthetic for PNA?
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Liver diease compromises its ability to metabolise, denature and excrete many drugs including anaesthetics.
a) if first pass metabolism is reduced, there may be higher than expected concentrations of drug circulating in the blood, brining a risk of exceeding the maximum safe dose. |
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What is the pathology of hepatitis?
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Hepatitis is inflammation of hepatocytes, commonly caused by viruses, drug or chemical toxicity. Hepatocytes die and are replaced by fibrous connective tissue without functionality.
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What are the two general pathological processes that accompany most liver disease?
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Most liver disease involves:
a) rate of hepatocyte destruction exceeds regeneration b) damaged hepatocytes are replaced by fibrous connective tissue (without functionality) |
