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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cecum |
beginning of the large intestine |
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immunity |
state of having sufficient resources to resist harmful microbes from entering the body |
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non-specific components |
barriers or eliminators of wide range of pathogens |
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pathogen-specific immunity |
adapted components for specific diseases |
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Innate (nonspecific) immunity |
cough reflex, enzymes in tears and skin oils, mucus, |
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acquired (adaptive) immunity |
immunity that develops after exposure to specific antigens |
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Antigen |
proteins found on surface of pathogen. antigens are unique to that pathogen |
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latent period |
time between exposure to infectious organism or carcinogen and clinical appearance of disease |
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lymphocytes |
type of white blood cell. B and T types |
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antibodies |
produced by B cells. attach to specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen |
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cytokines |
control the entire immune response |
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passive immunity |
antibodies produced in a body other than your own |
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immune system "memory" |
activated B cells and sensitized T cells. Allows body to react quickly and efficiently to future exposures |
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histamine |
chemical released by damaged cells |
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pus |
collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria, and live and dead phagocytes |
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allergy |
exagerated immune response to substances that are generally not harmful. treated as a pathgoen |
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anaphylaxis |
severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen |
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tonsil |
prominent oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat |
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spleen |
largest lymphoid structure. highly vascular, glandular, ductless organ, situated behind the stomach. destroys worn-out red blood cells |
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thymus |
ductless, butterfly-shaped gland lying behind the sternum, formed mostly of lymphatic tissue that aids in the production of T cells |
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sternum |
breastbone |
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lymph nodes |
one of numersous round, oval, or bean-shaped organs located along the course of lymphatic vessels |
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kidneys |
pair of organs located in the back of the abdomen |
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electrolytes |
essential minerals, necessary for nerve and muscle function, and other critical processes |
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nephrons |
kidney units, each a microscopic filter for blood |
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pelvis |
urine collects in the kidney's pelvis |
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renal |
referring to kidney |
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ureters |
carry fluid from kidneys to bladder |
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urethra |
tube that connects the urinary bladder to an external opening |
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cystoscopy |
procedure that lets a doctor look inside the bladder and the urethra |
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catheter |
tube to drain urine from the bladder |
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urologists |
surgical specialists who focus on anatomical or structural disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract |
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nephrologists |
doctors that focus on kidney disorders, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nonsurgical |
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nephrolithiasis |
kidney stones |
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lithos |
stone |
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calculi |
stones |
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vesical |
refers to the bladder |
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intravesical |
situated or occurring within the bladder |
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infravesical |
situated or occurring below the bladder |
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hydronephrosis |
kidney is distended because the flow of urine is obstructed. pressure builds, functionality lowered, stones more likely |
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renal failure |
kidney failure |
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actue renal failure |
sudden worsening in kidney function. Can be caused by a blockage in urinary tract or kidney damage. may be reversible |
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chronic renal failure |
permanent partial loss of kidney function. diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes. complete loss of function requires dialysis |
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dialysis |
process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure |
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dia |
through |
