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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Components of integumentary system |
Skin, hair, nails, glands |
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Layers of integument |
Epidermis (4-5 layers), Dermis (2 layers), Hypodermis/subcutaneous/superficial fascia (1 layer) |
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4 types of cells found in EPIDERMIS and their functions |
Keratinocytes - produce keratin (most) Melanocytes - produce melanin (25%) Merkels cells - touch receptors Langerhans / dendritic - immune cells |
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layers of epidermis (superficial to deep) |
Stratum ...... Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
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Stratum basale |
deepest layer single layer shape: cuboidal to columnar cells constantly dividing = stratum germinativum (germinal layer) |
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Stratum spinosum |
8-10 layers held together by desmosomes spiny looking cells |
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Stratum granulosum |
3-5 layers granular looking cells cells begin to keratinize organelles begin to degenerate |
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Stratum lucidum |
several layers clear Thick skin = hairless, palms, soles of feet "5th" layer in epidermis |
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Stratum corneum |
25-30 layers dead, flat, keratinized cells waterproofs and strengthens skin |
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About how many weeks does renewal take? |
2-4 weeks |
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How is a callus formed? |
Friction increases rate of mitosis |
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describe growth from s.basale |
pushes overlying cells toward the free surface to be sloughed off |
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Explain basis for skin color |
Hemoglobin - pink from underlying blood vessels Carotene - yellowish Melanin - brown / black, from tyrosine > released by exocytosis > taken up by keratinocytes, influenced by genes, hormones, and light |
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Age spots |
Areas where melanocytes increase production |
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Freckles |
patches of melanin |
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moles |
cluster of melanocytes |
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Vitiligo |
melanocytes destroyed by autoimmune disease |
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What two layers comprise the dermis |
Papillary (1/5 upper) Reticular (4/5 lower) |
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Structure and function of papillary layer |
nourishes epidermis anchors epidermis to dermis (fingerprint) More elastic fibers provide skin tone Less elastic = wrinkles Meissner's Corpuscles - touch receptors |
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Structure and function of reticular layer |
flexible fibers stretch marks = strain + repair Leather Cleavage lines - surgeons go parallel Pacinian Corpuscles = deep pressure / vibration |
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Aquired lines |
also called flexion creases palms, knucles |
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Fingerprints |
pulls of elastic fibers |
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Cleavage lines |
orientation of collagen fibers |
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Structure and function of hypodermis |
Loose areolar CT and adipose (50% body fat) Functions: stores fat, anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles), shock absorber, insulator |
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Functions of hair |
warmth, protection, reduces friction |
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Describe cross section of hair |
Medulla cortex - pigments cuticle - overlap like shingles internal root sheath external root sheath CT sheath |
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3 structures associated with the hair follicle |
oil gland, arrector pili muscle, hair root plexus |
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Describe the longitudinal section of hair |
shaft root bulb : papilla (blood vessels), matrix (growth place) Follicle = internal / external root sheath |
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What determines hair texture |
cross section: straight =round, wavy = oval, kinky = flat |
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Describe the process of hair growth |
Germinal layer in matrix pushes cells up Growth cycles: -growth stage -resting stage -falls out (lose about 100/day) *We are born with as many follicles as we will ever have |
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Different types of hair |
Lanugo = silky fetal hair gone by birth Terminal = long, coarse pigmented hair (scalp, eyebrows, lashes) Vellus = short fine unpigmented |
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What is hirstuitism |
bearded lady, women growing facial hair etc |
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Describe nail growth pattern |
continuous matrix cells divide and push others over nail bed |
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List different types of skin glands |
sebacous, sudoriferous, ceruminous |
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Where are sebacous (oil) glands found? |
found everywhere except thick skin |
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What is the function of sebacous glands? |
Secretes sebum which prevents drying |
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describe the two types of sudoiferous glands |
Eccrine - produce cooling sweat, formed at birth, palms and soles of feet Apocrine - armpits and genitals, associated w/hair follicle, function at puberty |
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What is the specialized location of ceruminous glands? |
external auditory meatus |
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Difference between sebum and cerumen? |
cerumen is earwax that traps foreign bodies, sebum is lubricates skin |
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Distinguish between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns |
1st - epidermis damaged 2nd - epidermis & dermis, blisters, 3rd - entire thickness destroyed, insensitive to touch, heals with scar tissue |
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What are the 2 types of wound healing? |
Epidermal - no bleeding Deep- scar, fibrosis (scar tissue formation) |
